A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers

Chih Ping Wang; Richard Thorne; Terry Z. Liu; Michael D. Hartinger; Tsugunobu Nagai; Vassilis Angelopoulos; John R. Wygant; Aaron Breneman; Craig Kletzing; Geoffrey D. Reeves; Seth G. Claudepierre; Harlan E. Spence

doi:10.1002/2016JA023610

A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers

Chih Ping Wang, Richard Thorne, Terry Z. Liu, Michael D. Hartinger, Tsugunobu Nagai, Vassilis Angelopoulos, John R. Wygant, Aaron Breneman, Craig Kletzing, Geoffrey D. Reeves, Seth G. Claudepierre, Harlan E. Spence

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Scopus citations

Abstract

We investigate a quiet time event of magnetospheric Pc5 ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves and their likely external drivers using multiple spacecraft observations. Enhancements of electric and magnetic field perturbations in two narrow frequency bands, 1.5–2 mHz and 3.5–4 mHz, were observed over a large radial distance range from r ~ 5 to 11 R_E. During the first half of this event, perturbations were mainly observed in the transverse components and only in the 3.5–4 mHz band. In comparison, enhancements were stronger during the second half in both transverse and compressional components and in both frequency bands. No indication of field line resonances was found for these magnetic field perturbations. Perturbations in these two bands were also observed in the magnetosheath, but not in the solar wind dynamic pressure perturbations. For the first interval, good correlations between the flow perturbations in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath and an indirect signature for Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) vortices suggest K-H surface waves as the driver. For the second interval, good correlations are found between the magnetosheath dynamic pressure perturbations, magnetopause deformation, and magnetospheric waves, all in good correspondence to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities. The characteristics of these perturbations can be explained by being driven by foreshock perturbations resulting from these IMF discontinuities. This event shows that even during quiet periods, K-H-unstable magnetopause and ion foreshock perturbations can combine to create a highly dynamic magnetospheric ULF wave environment.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	5132-5147
Number of pages	16
Journal	Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Volume	122
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023610
State	Published - May 1 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Xiaoyan Xing, Jacob Bortnik, and Wen Li at University of California, Los Angeles, for helpful discussions. The work by C.-P. Wang and R. Thorne has been supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397:01, and the ECT subaward 13-041. The work by M. Hartinger has been supported by NSF AGS-1049403. The work by C. Kletzing was performed under on JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. The work by S.G. Claudepierre was supported by RBSP-ECT funding provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. All the data used in this study are available for free. Geotail data are provided through the DARTS system by ISAS. We thank T. Mukai at ISAS for the use of the Geotail LEP data. The THEMIS and ARTEMIS data and GOES 13 magnetic field are obtained with the Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS) software (http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/software.shtml). We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 for THEMIS and ARTEMIS, and C.W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for the use of ESA data and K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under DLR contract 50-OC-0302. Van Allen Probes (RBSP) electric field data are obtained from http://www.space.umn.edu/rbspefw-data/, magnetic field data from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data, and HOPE and MagEIS data from http:// www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/rbsp_ect.php. We thank J.H. King, N. Papatashvilli at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC, and CDAWeb for providing the OMNI data. For the ground magnetometer data we gratefully acknowledge SuperMAG PI Jesper W. Gjerloev. We thank the national institutes that support the magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET (www.intermagnet.org) and SuperMAG (http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/) projects for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice. We acknowledge Andre Balogh and Elizabeth Lucek at Imperial College, H. Reme at CESR, and CDAWeb for providing Cluster data.

Publisher Copyright:
©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Keywords

IMF discontinuity
Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices
Pc5 waves
inner magnetosphere
magnetosheath
plasma sheet

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Wang, C. P., Thorne, R., Liu, T. Z., Hartinger, M. D., Nagai, T., Angelopoulos, V., Wygant, J. R., Breneman, A., Kletzing, C., Reeves, G. D., Claudepierre, S. G., & Spence, H. E. (2017). A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 122(5), 5132-5147. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023610

Wang, CP, Thorne, R, Liu, TZ, Hartinger, MD, Nagai, T, Angelopoulos, V, Wygant, JR, Breneman, A, Kletzing, C, Reeves, GD, Claudepierre, SG & Spence, HE 2017, 'A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers', Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, vol. 122, no. 5, pp. 5132-5147. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023610

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abstract = "We investigate a quiet time event of magnetospheric Pc5 ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves and their likely external drivers using multiple spacecraft observations. Enhancements of electric and magnetic field perturbations in two narrow frequency bands, 1.5–2 mHz and 3.5–4 mHz, were observed over a large radial distance range from r ~ 5 to 11 RE. During the first half of this event, perturbations were mainly observed in the transverse components and only in the 3.5–4 mHz band. In comparison, enhancements were stronger during the second half in both transverse and compressional components and in both frequency bands. No indication of field line resonances was found for these magnetic field perturbations. Perturbations in these two bands were also observed in the magnetosheath, but not in the solar wind dynamic pressure perturbations. For the first interval, good correlations between the flow perturbations in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath and an indirect signature for Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) vortices suggest K-H surface waves as the driver. For the second interval, good correlations are found between the magnetosheath dynamic pressure perturbations, magnetopause deformation, and magnetospheric waves, all in good correspondence to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities. The characteristics of these perturbations can be explained by being driven by foreshock perturbations resulting from these IMF discontinuities. This event shows that even during quiet periods, K-H-unstable magnetopause and ion foreshock perturbations can combine to create a highly dynamic magnetospheric ULF wave environment.",

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author = "Wang, {Chih Ping} and Richard Thorne and Liu, {Terry Z.} and Hartinger, {Michael D.} and Tsugunobu Nagai and Vassilis Angelopoulos and Wygant, {John R.} and Aaron Breneman and Craig Kletzing and Reeves, {Geoffrey D.} and Claudepierre, {Seth G.} and Spence, {Harlan E.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Xiaoyan Xing, Jacob Bortnik, and Wen Li at University of California, Los Angeles, for helpful discussions. The work by C.-P. Wang and R. Thorne has been supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397:01, and the ECT subaward 13-041. The work by M. Hartinger has been supported by NSF AGS-1049403. The work by C. Kletzing was performed under on JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. The work by S.G. Claudepierre was supported by RBSP-ECT funding provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. All the data used in this study are available for free. Geotail data are provided through the DARTS system by ISAS. We thank T. Mukai at ISAS for the use of the Geotail LEP data. The THEMIS and ARTEMIS data and GOES 13 magnetic field are obtained with the Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS) software (http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/software.shtml). We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 for THEMIS and ARTEMIS, and C.W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for the use of ESA data and K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under DLR contract 50-OC-0302. Van Allen Probes (RBSP) electric field data are obtained from http://www.space.umn.edu/rbspefw-data/, magnetic field data from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data, and HOPE and MagEIS data from http:// www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/rbsp_ect.php. We thank J.H. King, N. Papatashvilli at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC, and CDAWeb for providing the OMNI data. For the ground magnetometer data we gratefully acknowledge SuperMAG PI Jesper W. Gjerloev. We thank the national institutes that support the magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET (www.intermagnet.org) and SuperMAG (http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/) projects for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice. We acknowledge Andre Balogh and Elizabeth Lucek at Imperial College, H. Reme at CESR, and CDAWeb for providing Cluster data. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright}2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.",

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T1 - A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers

AU - Wang, Chih Ping

AU - Thorne, Richard

AU - Liu, Terry Z.

AU - Hartinger, Michael D.

AU - Nagai, Tsugunobu

AU - Angelopoulos, Vassilis

AU - Wygant, John R.

AU - Breneman, Aaron

AU - Kletzing, Craig

AU - Reeves, Geoffrey D.

AU - Claudepierre, Seth G.

AU - Spence, Harlan E.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Xiaoyan Xing, Jacob Bortnik, and Wen Li at University of California, Los Angeles, for helpful discussions. The work by C.-P. Wang and R. Thorne has been supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397:01, and the ECT subaward 13-041. The work by M. Hartinger has been supported by NSF AGS-1049403. The work by C. Kletzing was performed under on JHU/APL contract 921647 under NASA Prime contract NAS5-01072. The work by S.G. Claudepierre was supported by RBSP-ECT funding provided by JHU/APL contract 967399 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. All the data used in this study are available for free. Geotail data are provided through the DARTS system by ISAS. We thank T. Mukai at ISAS for the use of the Geotail LEP data. The THEMIS and ARTEMIS data and GOES 13 magnetic field are obtained with the Space Physics Environment Data Analysis System (SPEDAS) software (http://themis.igpp.ucla.edu/software.shtml). We acknowledge NASA contract NAS5-02099 for THEMIS and ARTEMIS, and C.W. Carlson and J.P. McFadden for the use of ESA data and K.H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under DLR contract 50-OC-0302. Van Allen Probes (RBSP) electric field data are obtained from http://www.space.umn.edu/rbspefw-data/, magnetic field data from http://emfisis.physics.uiowa.edu/data, and HOPE and MagEIS data from http:// www.rbsp-ect.lanl.gov/rbsp_ect.php. We thank J.H. King, N. Papatashvilli at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC, and CDAWeb for providing the OMNI data. For the ground magnetometer data we gratefully acknowledge SuperMAG PI Jesper W. Gjerloev. We thank the national institutes that support the magnetic observatories and INTERMAGNET (www.intermagnet.org) and SuperMAG (http://supermag.jhuapl.edu/) projects for promoting high standards of magnetic observatory practice. We acknowledge Andre Balogh and Elizabeth Lucek at Imperial College, H. Reme at CESR, and CDAWeb for providing Cluster data. Publisher Copyright: ©2017. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

PY - 2017/5/1

Y1 - 2017/5/1

N2 - We investigate a quiet time event of magnetospheric Pc5 ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves and their likely external drivers using multiple spacecraft observations. Enhancements of electric and magnetic field perturbations in two narrow frequency bands, 1.5–2 mHz and 3.5–4 mHz, were observed over a large radial distance range from r ~ 5 to 11 RE. During the first half of this event, perturbations were mainly observed in the transverse components and only in the 3.5–4 mHz band. In comparison, enhancements were stronger during the second half in both transverse and compressional components and in both frequency bands. No indication of field line resonances was found for these magnetic field perturbations. Perturbations in these two bands were also observed in the magnetosheath, but not in the solar wind dynamic pressure perturbations. For the first interval, good correlations between the flow perturbations in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath and an indirect signature for Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) vortices suggest K-H surface waves as the driver. For the second interval, good correlations are found between the magnetosheath dynamic pressure perturbations, magnetopause deformation, and magnetospheric waves, all in good correspondence to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities. The characteristics of these perturbations can be explained by being driven by foreshock perturbations resulting from these IMF discontinuities. This event shows that even during quiet periods, K-H-unstable magnetopause and ion foreshock perturbations can combine to create a highly dynamic magnetospheric ULF wave environment.

AB - We investigate a quiet time event of magnetospheric Pc5 ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves and their likely external drivers using multiple spacecraft observations. Enhancements of electric and magnetic field perturbations in two narrow frequency bands, 1.5–2 mHz and 3.5–4 mHz, were observed over a large radial distance range from r ~ 5 to 11 RE. During the first half of this event, perturbations were mainly observed in the transverse components and only in the 3.5–4 mHz band. In comparison, enhancements were stronger during the second half in both transverse and compressional components and in both frequency bands. No indication of field line resonances was found for these magnetic field perturbations. Perturbations in these two bands were also observed in the magnetosheath, but not in the solar wind dynamic pressure perturbations. For the first interval, good correlations between the flow perturbations in the magnetosphere and magnetosheath and an indirect signature for Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) vortices suggest K-H surface waves as the driver. For the second interval, good correlations are found between the magnetosheath dynamic pressure perturbations, magnetopause deformation, and magnetospheric waves, all in good correspondence to interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) discontinuities. The characteristics of these perturbations can be explained by being driven by foreshock perturbations resulting from these IMF discontinuities. This event shows that even during quiet periods, K-H-unstable magnetopause and ion foreshock perturbations can combine to create a highly dynamic magnetospheric ULF wave environment.

KW - IMF discontinuity

KW - Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices

KW - Pc5 waves

KW - inner magnetosphere

KW - magnetosheath

KW - plasma sheet

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A multispacecraft event study of Pc5 ultralow-frequency waves in the magnetosphere and their external drivers

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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