TY - JOUR
T1 - Anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents and young adults with epilepsy
T2 - The role of illness beliefs and social factors
AU - Engel, Melissa L.
AU - Shanley, Ryan
AU - Scal, Peter B.
AU - Kunin-Batson, Alicia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2021/3
Y1 - 2021/3
N2 - Purpose: This study examined (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with epilepsy and (2) demographic and medical characteristics, illness beliefs, and social factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms to guide intervention development. Methods: A community-based sample of AYA with epilepsy (n = 179, ages 13–24 years, 39% male) completed online questionnaires measuring anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), illness beliefs (helplessness; acceptance; perceived benefits), and social factors (family functioning; social stigma; connectedness). Participants also reported medical information (epilepsy type; years since diagnosis; time since last seizure; current medications). Results: Prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression, 36% and 35%, respectively, was high compared to population prevalence. In multivariable regression models, demographic and medical factors explained only 2% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 6% in anxiety symptoms. Illness beliefs and social factors accounted for a majority of the explanatory power of both models (partial R2 = 0.37 for anxiety; 0.44 for depression). Specifically, acceptance, family functioning, and social stigma accounted for the greatest variance (p's < 0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among AYA with epilepsy. Epilepsy variables (seizure type, medications, and years since diagnosis) were not associated with these psychological symptoms. Rather, the majority of variance in symptoms was accounted for by potentially modifiable beliefs and social factors. Interventions that promote illness acceptance, enhance family functioning, and reduce social stigma may ameliorate psychological distress among AYA with epilepsy.
AB - Purpose: This study examined (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with epilepsy and (2) demographic and medical characteristics, illness beliefs, and social factors associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms to guide intervention development. Methods: A community-based sample of AYA with epilepsy (n = 179, ages 13–24 years, 39% male) completed online questionnaires measuring anxiety symptoms (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), illness beliefs (helplessness; acceptance; perceived benefits), and social factors (family functioning; social stigma; connectedness). Participants also reported medical information (epilepsy type; years since diagnosis; time since last seizure; current medications). Results: Prevalence of clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression, 36% and 35%, respectively, was high compared to population prevalence. In multivariable regression models, demographic and medical factors explained only 2% of the variance in depressive symptoms and 6% in anxiety symptoms. Illness beliefs and social factors accounted for a majority of the explanatory power of both models (partial R2 = 0.37 for anxiety; 0.44 for depression). Specifically, acceptance, family functioning, and social stigma accounted for the greatest variance (p's < 0.01). Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among AYA with epilepsy. Epilepsy variables (seizure type, medications, and years since diagnosis) were not associated with these psychological symptoms. Rather, the majority of variance in symptoms was accounted for by potentially modifiable beliefs and social factors. Interventions that promote illness acceptance, enhance family functioning, and reduce social stigma may ameliorate psychological distress among AYA with epilepsy.
KW - Adolescent
KW - Anxiety
KW - Depression
KW - Epilepsy
KW - Illness beliefs
KW - Young adult
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85099711876&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107737
DO - 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107737
M3 - Article
C2 - 33493808
AN - SCOPUS:85099711876
SN - 1525-5050
VL - 116
JO - Epilepsy and Behavior
JF - Epilepsy and Behavior
M1 - 107737
ER -