Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

P. M. Chichura; A. Foster; C. Patel; N. Ossa-Jaen; P. A.R. Ade; Z. Ahmed; A. J. Anderson; M. Archipley; J. E. Austermann; J. S. Avva; L. Balkenhol; P. S. Barry; R. Basu Thakur; J. A. Beall; K. Benabed; A. N. Bender; B. A. Benson; F. Bianchini; L. E. Bleem; F. R. Bouchet; L. Bryant; K. Byrum; J. E. Carlstrom; F. W. Carter; T. W. Cecil; C. L. Chang; P. Chaubal; G. Chen; H. C. Chiang; H. M. Cho; T. L. Chou; R. Citron; J. F. Cliche; T. M. Crawford; A. T. Crites; A. Cukierman; C. M. Daley; E. V. Denison; K. Dibert; J. Ding; M. A. Dobbs; D. Dutcher; W. Everett; C. Feng; K. R. Ferguson; J. Fu; S. Galli; J. Gallicchio; A. E. Gambrel; R. W. Gardner; E. M. George; N. Goeckner-Wald; R. Gualtieri; S. Guns; N. Gupta; R. Guyser; T. de Haan; N. W. Halverson; A. H. Harke-Hosemann; N. L. Harrington; J. W. Henning; G. C. Hilton; E. Hivon; G. P. Holder; W. L. Holzapfel; J. C. Hood; D. Howe; J. D. Hrubes; N. Huang; J. Hubmayr; K. D. Irwin; O. B. Jeong; M. Jonas; A. Jones; T. S. Khaire; L. Knox; A. M. Kofman; M. Korman; D. L. Kubik; S. Kuhlmann; C. L. Kuo; A. T. Lee; E. M. Leitch; D. Li; A. Lowitz; C. Lu; D. P. Marrone; J. J. McMahon; S. S. Meyer; D. Michalik; M. Millea; L. M. Mocanu; J. Montgomery; C. Corbett Moran; A. Nadolski; T. Natoli; H. Nguyen; J. P. Nibarger; G. Noble; V. Novosad; Y. Omori; S. Padin; Z. Pan; P. Paschos; S. Patil; J. Pearson; K. A. Phadke; C. M. Posada; K. Prabhu; C. Pryke; W. Quan; A. Rahlin; C. L. Reichardt; D. Riebel; B. Riedel; M. Rouble; J. E. Ruhl; B. R. Saliwanchik; J. T. Sayre; K. K. Schaffer; E. Schiappucci; E. Shirokoff; C. Sievers; G. Smecher; J. A. Sobrin; A. Springmann; A. A. Stark; J. Stephen; K. T. Story; A. Suzuki; C. Tandoi; K. L. Thompson; B. Thorne; C. Tucker; C. Umilta; L. R. Vale; T. Veach; J. D. Vieira; G. Wang; N. Whitehorn; W. L.K. Wu; V. Yefremenko; K. W. Yoon; M. R. Young

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec

Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

P. M. Chichura, A. Foster, C. Patel, N. Ossa-Jaen, P. A.R. Ade, Z. Ahmed, A. J. Anderson, M. Archipley, J. E. Austermann, J. S. Avva, L. Balkenhol, P. S. Barry, R. Basu Thakur, J. A. Beall, K. Benabed, A. N. Bender, B. A. Benson, F. Bianchini, L. E. Bleem, F. R. BouchetL. Bryant, K. Byrum, J. E. Carlstrom, F. W. Carter, T. W. Cecil, C. L. Chang, P. Chaubal, G. Chen, H. C. Chiang, H. M. Cho, T. L. Chou, R. Citron, J. F. Cliche, T. M. Crawford, A. T. Crites, A. Cukierman, C. M. Daley, E. V. Denison, K. Dibert, J. Ding, M. A. Dobbs, D. Dutcher, W. Everett, C. Feng, K. R. Ferguson, J. Fu, S. Galli, J. Gallicchio, A. E. Gambrel, R. W. Gardner, E. M. George, N. Goeckner-Wald, R. Gualtieri, S. Guns, N. Gupta, R. Guyser, T. de Haan, N. W. Halverson, A. H. Harke-Hosemann, N. L. Harrington, J. W. Henning, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, G. P. Holder, W. L. Holzapfel, J. C. Hood, D. Howe, J. D. Hrubes, N. Huang, J. Hubmayr, K. D. Irwin, O. B. Jeong, M. Jonas, A. Jones, T. S. Khaire, L. Knox, A. M. Kofman, M. Korman, D. L. Kubik, S. Kuhlmann, C. L. Kuo, A. T. Lee, E. M. Leitch, D. Li, A. Lowitz, C. Lu, D. P. Marrone, J. J. McMahon, S. S. Meyer, D. Michalik, M. Millea, L. M. Mocanu, J. Montgomery, C. Corbett Moran, A. Nadolski, T. Natoli, H. Nguyen, J. P. Nibarger, G. Noble, V. Novosad, Y. Omori, S. Padin, Z. Pan, P. Paschos, S. Patil, J. Pearson, K. A. Phadke, C. M. Posada, K. Prabhu, C. Pryke, W. Quan, A. Rahlin, C. L. Reichardt, D. Riebel, B. Riedel, M. Rouble, J. E. Ruhl, B. R. Saliwanchik, J. T. Sayre, K. K. Schaffer, E. Schiappucci, E. Shirokoff, C. Sievers, G. Smecher, J. A. Sobrin, A. Springmann, A. A. Stark, J. Stephen, K. T. Story, A. Suzuki, C. Tandoi, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, C. Tucker, C. Umilta, L. R. Vale, T. Veach, J. D. Vieira, G. Wang, N. Whitehorn, W. L.K. Wu, V. Yefremenko, K. W. Yoon, M. R. Young

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

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Abstract

We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two ∼270 deg² sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera ∼100 times over 1 month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids—(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope—with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with an S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids’ effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light-curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of 0.64 ± 0.11 at 2.0 and < 0.47 at 3.2 mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT data sets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has ∼10× the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future data sets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	173
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	936
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec
State	Published - Sep 1 2022

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© 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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Chichura, P. M., Foster, A., Patel, C., Ossa-Jaen, N., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. B., Beall, J. A., Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., ... Young, M. R. (2022). Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope. Astrophysical Journal, 936(2), Article 173. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec

Chichura, PM, Foster, A, Patel, C, Ossa-Jaen, N, Ade, PAR, Ahmed, Z, Anderson, AJ, Archipley, M, Austermann, JE, Avva, JS, Balkenhol, L, Barry, PS, Thakur, RB, Beall, JA, Benabed, K, Bender, AN, Benson, BA, Bianchini, F, Bleem, LE, Bouchet, FR, Bryant, L, Byrum, K, Carlstrom, JE, Carter, FW, Cecil, TW, Chang, CL, Chaubal, P, Chen, G, Chiang, HC, Cho, HM, Chou, TL, Citron, R, Cliche, JF, Crawford, TM, Crites, AT, Cukierman, A, Daley, CM, Denison, EV, Dibert, K, Ding, J, Dobbs, MA, Dutcher, D, Everett, W, Feng, C, Ferguson, KR, Fu, J, Galli, S, Gallicchio, J, Gambrel, AE, Gardner, RW, George, EM, Goeckner-Wald, N, Gualtieri, R, Guns, S, Gupta, N, Guyser, R, Haan, TD, Halverson, NW, Harke-Hosemann, AH, Harrington, NL, Henning, JW, Hilton, GC, Hivon, E, Holder, GP, Holzapfel, WL, Hood, JC, Howe, D, Hrubes, JD, Huang, N, Hubmayr, J, Irwin, KD, Jeong, OB, Jonas, M, Jones, A, Khaire, TS, Knox, L, Kofman, AM, Korman, M, Kubik, DL, Kuhlmann, S, Kuo, CL, Lee, AT, Leitch, EM, Li, D, Lowitz, A, Lu, C, Marrone, DP, McMahon, JJ, Meyer, SS, Michalik, D, Millea, M, Mocanu, LM, Montgomery, J, Moran, CC, Nadolski, A, Natoli, T, Nguyen, H, Nibarger, JP, Noble, G, Novosad, V, Omori, Y, Padin, S, Pan, Z, Paschos, P, Patil, S, Pearson, J, Phadke, KA, Posada, CM, Prabhu, K, Pryke, C, Quan, W, Rahlin, A, Reichardt, CL, Riebel, D, Riedel, B, Rouble, M, Ruhl, JE, Saliwanchik, BR, Sayre, JT, Schaffer, KK, Schiappucci, E, Shirokoff, E, Sievers, C, Smecher, G, Sobrin, JA, Springmann, A, Stark, AA, Stephen, J, Story, KT, Suzuki, A, Tandoi, C, Thompson, KL, Thorne, B, Tucker, C, Umilta, C, Vale, LR, Veach, T, Vieira, JD, Wang, G, Whitehorn, N, Wu, WLK, Yefremenko, V, Yoon, KW & Young, MR 2022, 'Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 936, no. 2, 173. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec

@article{94c9db466505489c873ba4bc22010f17,

title = "Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope",

abstract = "We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two ∼270 deg2 sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera ∼100 times over 1 month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids—(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope—with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with an S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids{\textquoteright} effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light-curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of 0.64 ± 0.11 at 2.0 and < 0.47 at 3.2 mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT data sets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has ∼10× the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future data sets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population.",

author = "Chichura, {P. M.} and A. Foster and C. Patel and N. Ossa-Jaen and Ade, {P. A.R.} and Z. Ahmed and Anderson, {A. J.} and M. Archipley and Austermann, {J. E.} and Avva, {J. S.} and L. Balkenhol and Barry, {P. S.} and Thakur, {R. Basu} and Beall, {J. A.} and K. Benabed and Bender, {A. N.} and Benson, {B. A.} and F. Bianchini and Bleem, {L. E.} and Bouchet, {F. R.} and L. Bryant and K. Byrum and Carlstrom, {J. E.} and Carter, {F. W.} and Cecil, {T. W.} and Chang, {C. L.} and P. Chaubal and G. Chen and Chiang, {H. C.} and Cho, {H. M.} and Chou, {T. L.} and R. Citron and Cliche, {J. F.} and Crawford, {T. M.} and Crites, {A. T.} and A. Cukierman and Daley, {C. M.} and Denison, {E. V.} and K. Dibert and J. Ding and Dobbs, {M. A.} and D. Dutcher and W. Everett and C. Feng and Ferguson, {K. R.} and J. Fu and S. Galli and J. Gallicchio and Gambrel, {A. E.} and Gardner, {R. W.} and George, {E. M.} and N. Goeckner-Wald and R. Gualtieri and S. Guns and N. Gupta and R. Guyser and Haan, {T. de} and Halverson, {N. W.} and Harke-Hosemann, {A. H.} and Harrington, {N. L.} and Henning, {J. W.} and Hilton, {G. C.} and E. Hivon and Holder, {G. P.} and Holzapfel, {W. L.} and Hood, {J. C.} and D. Howe and Hrubes, {J. D.} and N. Huang and J. Hubmayr and Irwin, {K. D.} and Jeong, {O. B.} and M. Jonas and A. Jones and Khaire, {T. S.} and L. Knox and Kofman, {A. M.} and M. Korman and Kubik, {D. L.} and S. Kuhlmann and Kuo, {C. L.} and Lee, {A. T.} and Leitch, {E. M.} and D. Li and A. Lowitz and C. Lu and Marrone, {D. P.} and McMahon, {J. J.} and Meyer, {S. S.} and D. Michalik and M. Millea and Mocanu, {L. M.} and J. Montgomery and Moran, {C. Corbett} and A. Nadolski and T. Natoli and H. Nguyen and Nibarger, {J. P.} and G. Noble and V. Novosad and Y. Omori and S. Padin and Z. Pan and P. Paschos and S. Patil and J. Pearson and Phadke, {K. A.} and Posada, {C. M.} and K. Prabhu and C. Pryke and W. Quan and A. Rahlin and Reichardt, {C. L.} and D. Riebel and B. Riedel and M. Rouble and Ruhl, {J. E.} and Saliwanchik, {B. R.} and Sayre, {J. T.} and Schaffer, {K. K.} and E. Schiappucci and E. Shirokoff and C. Sievers and G. Smecher and Sobrin, {J. A.} and A. Springmann and Stark, {A. A.} and J. Stephen and Story, {K. T.} and A. Suzuki and C. Tandoi and Thompson, {K. L.} and B. Thorne and C. Tucker and C. Umilta and Vale, {L. R.} and T. Veach and Vieira, {J. D.} and G. Wang and N. Whitehorn and Wu, {W. L.K.} and V. Yefremenko and Yoon, {K. W.} and Young, {M. R.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "936",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

AU - Chichura, P. M.

AU - Foster, A.

AU - Patel, C.

AU - Ossa-Jaen, N.

AU - Ade, P. A.R.

AU - Ahmed, Z.

AU - Anderson, A. J.

AU - Archipley, M.

AU - Austermann, J. E.

AU - Avva, J. S.

AU - Balkenhol, L.

AU - Barry, P. S.

AU - Thakur, R. Basu

AU - Beall, J. A.

AU - Benabed, K.

AU - Bender, A. N.

AU - Benson, B. A.

AU - Bianchini, F.

AU - Bleem, L. E.

AU - Bouchet, F. R.

AU - Bryant, L.

AU - Byrum, K.

AU - Carlstrom, J. E.

AU - Carter, F. W.

AU - Cecil, T. W.

AU - Chang, C. L.

AU - Chaubal, P.

AU - Chen, G.

AU - Chiang, H. C.

AU - Cho, H. M.

AU - Chou, T. L.

AU - Citron, R.

AU - Cliche, J. F.

AU - Crawford, T. M.

AU - Crites, A. T.

AU - Cukierman, A.

AU - Daley, C. M.

AU - Denison, E. V.

AU - Dibert, K.

AU - Ding, J.

AU - Dobbs, M. A.

AU - Dutcher, D.

AU - Everett, W.

AU - Feng, C.

AU - Ferguson, K. R.

AU - Fu, J.

AU - Galli, S.

AU - Gallicchio, J.

AU - Gambrel, A. E.

AU - Gardner, R. W.

AU - George, E. M.

AU - Goeckner-Wald, N.

AU - Gualtieri, R.

AU - Guns, S.

AU - Gupta, N.

AU - Guyser, R.

AU - Haan, T. de

AU - Halverson, N. W.

AU - Harke-Hosemann, A. H.

AU - Harrington, N. L.

AU - Henning, J. W.

AU - Hilton, G. C.

AU - Hivon, E.

AU - Holder, G. P.

AU - Holzapfel, W. L.

AU - Hood, J. C.

AU - Howe, D.

AU - Hrubes, J. D.

AU - Huang, N.

AU - Hubmayr, J.

AU - Irwin, K. D.

AU - Jeong, O. B.

AU - Jonas, M.

AU - Jones, A.

AU - Khaire, T. S.

AU - Knox, L.

AU - Kofman, A. M.

AU - Korman, M.

AU - Kubik, D. L.

AU - Kuhlmann, S.

AU - Kuo, C. L.

AU - Lee, A. T.

AU - Leitch, E. M.

AU - Li, D.

AU - Lowitz, A.

AU - Lu, C.

AU - Marrone, D. P.

AU - McMahon, J. J.

AU - Meyer, S. S.

AU - Michalik, D.

AU - Millea, M.

AU - Mocanu, L. M.

AU - Montgomery, J.

AU - Moran, C. Corbett

AU - Nadolski, A.

AU - Natoli, T.

AU - Nguyen, H.

AU - Nibarger, J. P.

AU - Noble, G.

AU - Novosad, V.

AU - Omori, Y.

AU - Padin, S.

AU - Pan, Z.

AU - Paschos, P.

AU - Patil, S.

AU - Pearson, J.

AU - Phadke, K. A.

AU - Posada, C. M.

AU - Prabhu, K.

AU - Pryke, C.

AU - Quan, W.

AU - Rahlin, A.

AU - Reichardt, C. L.

AU - Riebel, D.

AU - Riedel, B.

AU - Rouble, M.

AU - Ruhl, J. E.

AU - Saliwanchik, B. R.

AU - Sayre, J. T.

AU - Schaffer, K. K.

AU - Schiappucci, E.

AU - Shirokoff, E.

AU - Sievers, C.

AU - Smecher, G.

AU - Sobrin, J. A.

AU - Springmann, A.

AU - Stark, A. A.

AU - Stephen, J.

AU - Story, K. T.

AU - Suzuki, A.

AU - Tandoi, C.

AU - Thompson, K. L.

AU - Thorne, B.

AU - Tucker, C.

AU - Umilta, C.

AU - Vale, L. R.

AU - Veach, T.

AU - Vieira, J. D.

AU - Wang, G.

AU - Whitehorn, N.

AU - Wu, W. L.K.

AU - Yefremenko, V.

AU - Yoon, K. W.

AU - Young, M. R.

PY - 2022/9/1

Y1 - 2022/9/1

N2 - We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two ∼270 deg2 sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera ∼100 times over 1 month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids—(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope—with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with an S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids’ effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light-curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of 0.64 ± 0.11 at 2.0 and < 0.47 at 3.2 mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT data sets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has ∼10× the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future data sets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population.

AB - We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two ∼270 deg2 sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera ∼100 times over 1 month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids—(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope—with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with an S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids’ effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light-curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of 0.64 ± 0.11 at 2.0 and < 0.47 at 3.2 mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT data sets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has ∼10× the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future data sets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144290581&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85144290581&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ac89ec

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85144290581

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 936

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 173

ER -

Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

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