TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical contamination of drinkingwater in resource-constrained settings
T2 - Global prevalence and piloted mitigation strategies
AU - Amrose, Susan E.
AU - Cherukumilli, Katya
AU - Wright, Natasha C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Annual Reviews Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/10/17
Y1 - 2020/10/17
N2 - Chemical contamination of drinking water (including salinity) puts more than one billion people at risk of adverse health effects globally. Resourceconstrained communities are the most affected and face unique challenges that require innovative safe water solutions. This review focuses on arsenic, fluoride, nitrates, lead, chromium, total dissolved solids, emerging organic contaminants, and, to a lesser extent, manganese, cadmium, selenium, and uranium. It covers contaminant prevalence, major health effects, and treatment technologies or avoidance strategies that have been proven effective in realistic water matrices and conditions. The review covers the levelized costs of water for pilot- and full-scale systems most relevant to resourceconstrained communities, with a focus on component costs, including the costs of power systems, lifting water, waste management, and labor. These costs are not universally reported, but can be significant. The findings are analyzed and discussed in the context of providing sustainable safe water solutions in resourceconstrained settings.
AB - Chemical contamination of drinking water (including salinity) puts more than one billion people at risk of adverse health effects globally. Resourceconstrained communities are the most affected and face unique challenges that require innovative safe water solutions. This review focuses on arsenic, fluoride, nitrates, lead, chromium, total dissolved solids, emerging organic contaminants, and, to a lesser extent, manganese, cadmium, selenium, and uranium. It covers contaminant prevalence, major health effects, and treatment technologies or avoidance strategies that have been proven effective in realistic water matrices and conditions. The review covers the levelized costs of water for pilot- and full-scale systems most relevant to resourceconstrained communities, with a focus on component costs, including the costs of power systems, lifting water, waste management, and labor. These costs are not universally reported, but can be significant. The findings are analyzed and discussed in the context of providing sustainable safe water solutions in resourceconstrained settings.
KW - Chemical contamination
KW - Cost
KW - Drinking water
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Pilot
KW - Prevalence
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-105152
DO - 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-105152
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85094928282
SN - 1543-5938
VL - 45
SP - 195
EP - 226
JO - Annual Review of Environment and Resources
JF - Annual Review of Environment and Resources
ER -