Clinical factors associated with death during hospitalization in parvovirus infection dogs

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious virus that causes significant mortality and morbidity especially in young dogs. The outcome of treatment may different depending on several factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of clinical factors and the death in naturally acquired parvovirus infection dogs during hospitalization at the small animal teaching hospital. Forty-six dogs, with fecal polymerase chain reaction confirmed CPV, were studied during June 2016 to May 2017. All dogs received the standard treatment; intravenous fluids, broad spectrum antibiotics, antiemetic therapy, and deworming. The total clinical scores, routine blood test and hemoculture were examined at day 0, 3, 5 and 7 of hospitalization. Three factors associated with mortality were: predisposing breed (OR = 0.190, 95% CI = 0.095–0.383, P < 0.001), small breed (OR = 0.168, 95% CI = 0.076–0.374, p < 0.001) and low body weight (OR = 1.093, 95% CI = 1.005–1.189, P < 0.05). The overall mortality rate was 32.60% (15/46). The median time of hospitalization in survivors (n = 31) was 5 days. The incidence of mortality rate was highest on Day 3 (n = 12). Although treated with broad spectrum antibiotic, bacteremia can be found in 13 from 83 hemoculture samples (15.66%). In conclusion, the CPV dog with predisposing breed, small breed or low body weight had a significantly increasing risk with death. The first three day of hospitalization is a critical period and need more attention. The impact of sepsis and opportunistic bacteremia requires further studies.