Conflict, war, and famine in childhood: Risks and resilience for social development

This chapter examines the impact of conflict, war, and famine on child and adolescent social development. Although famine has a long history in human affairs, often resulting from droughts and related environmental crises, modern famine is increasingly linked to political conflicts. An intact parental relationship is a key protective factor for a child's health and development. The effects of exposure to the prolonged threats posed to children by war and armed conflict have been studied since World War II. Childhood adversity undermines a child's sense of safety, which may cumulatively disrupt brain development, and lead to serious physical and mental health problems. The chapter explores several domains pertinent to long-term social development during and following humanitarian crises. It discusses interpersonal relationships, drawing on attachment theory to describe challenges to a child's development of trust, problem solving, competence, and self-esteem. The chapter explores current initiatives that aim to promote health and resilience during conflict and famine.