Denitrifying bacteria active in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions

Jeonghwan Jang; Emily L. Anderson; Rodney T. Venterea; Michael J. Sadowsky; Carl J. Rosen; Gary W. Feyereisen; Satoshi Ishii

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00635

Denitrifying bacteria active in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions

Jeonghwan Jang, Emily L. Anderson, Rodney T. Venterea, Michael J. Sadowsky, Carl J. Rosen, Gary W. Feyereisen, Satoshi Ishii

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Abstract

Woodchip bioreactor technology removes nitrate from agricultural subsurface drainage by using denitrifying microorganisms. Although woodchip bioreactors have demonstrated success in many field locations, low water temperature can significantly limit bioreactor efficiency and performance. To improve bioreactor performance, it is important to identify the microbes responsible for nitrate removal at low temperature conditions. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized denitrifiers active at low-temperature conditions by using culture-independent and -dependent approaches. By comparative 16S rRNA (gene) analysis and culture isolation technique, Pseudomonas spp., Polaromonas spp., and Cellulomonas spp. were identified as being important bacteria responsible for denitrification in woodchip bioreactor microcosms at relatively low temperature conditions (15∘C). Genome analysis of Cellulomonas sp. strain WB94 confirmed the presence of nitrite reductase gene nirK. Transcription levels of this nirK were significantly higher in the denitrifying microcosms than in the non-denitrifying microcosms. Strain WB94 was also capable of degrading cellulose and other complex polysaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that Cellulomonas sp. denitrifiers could degrade woodchips to provide carbon source and electron donors to themselves and other denitrifiers in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions. By inoculating these denitrifiers (i.e., bioaugmentation), it might be possible to increase the nitrate removal rate of woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	635
Journal	Frontiers in Microbiology
Volume	10
Issue number	APR
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00635
State	Published - 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by Minnesota Department of Agriculture (Project No. 108837) and the Minnesota’s Discovery, Research and InnoVation Economy (MnDRIVE) initiative of the University of Minnesota. EA was supported, in part, by the USDA North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NCR-SARE) Graduate Student Grant Program.

Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 Jang, Anderson, Venterea, Sadowsky, Rosen, Feyereisen and Ishii. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Keywords

Cellulomonas
Denitrification
Drainage
Nitrate removal
Woodchip bioreactor

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@article{8ec71a47b05e482db6df7d5009fe1967,

title = "Denitrifying bacteria active in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions",

abstract = "Woodchip bioreactor technology removes nitrate from agricultural subsurface drainage by using denitrifying microorganisms. Although woodchip bioreactors have demonstrated success in many field locations, low water temperature can significantly limit bioreactor efficiency and performance. To improve bioreactor performance, it is important to identify the microbes responsible for nitrate removal at low temperature conditions. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized denitrifiers active at low-temperature conditions by using culture-independent and -dependent approaches. By comparative 16S rRNA (gene) analysis and culture isolation technique, Pseudomonas spp., Polaromonas spp., and Cellulomonas spp. were identified as being important bacteria responsible for denitrification in woodchip bioreactor microcosms at relatively low temperature conditions (15∘C). Genome analysis of Cellulomonas sp. strain WB94 confirmed the presence of nitrite reductase gene nirK. Transcription levels of this nirK were significantly higher in the denitrifying microcosms than in the non-denitrifying microcosms. Strain WB94 was also capable of degrading cellulose and other complex polysaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that Cellulomonas sp. denitrifiers could degrade woodchips to provide carbon source and electron donors to themselves and other denitrifiers in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions. By inoculating these denitrifiers (i.e., bioaugmentation), it might be possible to increase the nitrate removal rate of woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions.",

keywords = "Cellulomonas, Denitrification, Drainage, Nitrate removal, Woodchip bioreactor",

author = "Jeonghwan Jang and Anderson, {Emily L.} and Venterea, {Rodney T.} and Sadowsky, {Michael J.} and Rosen, {Carl J.} and Feyereisen, {Gary W.} and Satoshi Ishii",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Minnesota Department of Agriculture (Project No. 108837) and the Minnesota{\textquoteright}s Discovery, Research and InnoVation Economy (MnDRIVE) initiative of the University of Minnesota. EA was supported, in part, by the USDA North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NCR-SARE) Graduate Student Grant Program. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 Jang, Anderson, Venterea, Sadowsky, Rosen, Feyereisen and Ishii. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.",

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AU - Ishii, Satoshi

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Minnesota Department of Agriculture (Project No. 108837) and the Minnesota’s Discovery, Research and InnoVation Economy (MnDRIVE) initiative of the University of Minnesota. EA was supported, in part, by the USDA North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (NCR-SARE) Graduate Student Grant Program. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2019 Jang, Anderson, Venterea, Sadowsky, Rosen, Feyereisen and Ishii. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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N2 - Woodchip bioreactor technology removes nitrate from agricultural subsurface drainage by using denitrifying microorganisms. Although woodchip bioreactors have demonstrated success in many field locations, low water temperature can significantly limit bioreactor efficiency and performance. To improve bioreactor performance, it is important to identify the microbes responsible for nitrate removal at low temperature conditions. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized denitrifiers active at low-temperature conditions by using culture-independent and -dependent approaches. By comparative 16S rRNA (gene) analysis and culture isolation technique, Pseudomonas spp., Polaromonas spp., and Cellulomonas spp. were identified as being important bacteria responsible for denitrification in woodchip bioreactor microcosms at relatively low temperature conditions (15∘C). Genome analysis of Cellulomonas sp. strain WB94 confirmed the presence of nitrite reductase gene nirK. Transcription levels of this nirK were significantly higher in the denitrifying microcosms than in the non-denitrifying microcosms. Strain WB94 was also capable of degrading cellulose and other complex polysaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that Cellulomonas sp. denitrifiers could degrade woodchips to provide carbon source and electron donors to themselves and other denitrifiers in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions. By inoculating these denitrifiers (i.e., bioaugmentation), it might be possible to increase the nitrate removal rate of woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions.

AB - Woodchip bioreactor technology removes nitrate from agricultural subsurface drainage by using denitrifying microorganisms. Although woodchip bioreactors have demonstrated success in many field locations, low water temperature can significantly limit bioreactor efficiency and performance. To improve bioreactor performance, it is important to identify the microbes responsible for nitrate removal at low temperature conditions. Therefore, in this study, we identified and characterized denitrifiers active at low-temperature conditions by using culture-independent and -dependent approaches. By comparative 16S rRNA (gene) analysis and culture isolation technique, Pseudomonas spp., Polaromonas spp., and Cellulomonas spp. were identified as being important bacteria responsible for denitrification in woodchip bioreactor microcosms at relatively low temperature conditions (15∘C). Genome analysis of Cellulomonas sp. strain WB94 confirmed the presence of nitrite reductase gene nirK. Transcription levels of this nirK were significantly higher in the denitrifying microcosms than in the non-denitrifying microcosms. Strain WB94 was also capable of degrading cellulose and other complex polysaccharides. Taken together, our results suggest that Cellulomonas sp. denitrifiers could degrade woodchips to provide carbon source and electron donors to themselves and other denitrifiers in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions. By inoculating these denitrifiers (i.e., bioaugmentation), it might be possible to increase the nitrate removal rate of woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions.

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Denitrifying bacteria active in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions

Abstract

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Enhancing Water Treatment Using Nitrate-Metabolizing Microbes

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Denitrifying bacteria active in woodchip bioreactors at low-temperature conditions

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Bibliographical note

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Enhancing Water Treatment Using Nitrate-Metabolizing Microbes

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