Development and implementation of an interoperability tool across state public health agency's disease surveillance and immunization information systems

Public health information systems have historically been siloed with limited interoperability. The State of Minnesota's disease surveillance system (Minnesota Electronic Disease Surveillance System: MEDSS, ∼12 million total reportable events) and immunization information system (Minnesota Immunization Information Connection: MIIC, ∼130 million total immunizations) lacked interoperability between them and data exchange was fully manual. An interoperability tool based on national standards (HL7 and SOAP/web services) for query and response was developed for electronic vaccination data exchange from MIIC into MEDSS by soliciting stakeholder requirements (n = 39) and mapping MIIC vaccine codes (n = 294) to corresponding MEDSS product codes (n = 48). The tool was implemented in March 2022 and incorporates MIIC data into a new vaccination form in MEDSS with mapping of 30 data elements including MIIC demographics, vaccination history, and vaccine forecast. The tool was evaluated using mixed methods (quantitative analysis of user time, clicks, queries; qualitative review with users). Comparison of key tasks demonstrated efficiencies including vaccination data access (before: 50 clicks, >2 min; after: 4 clicks, 8 s) which translated directly to staff effort (before: 5 h/week; after: ∼17 min/week). This case study demonstrates the contribution of improving public health systems interoperability, ultimately with the goal of enhanced data-driven decision-making and public health surveillance.