Abstract
Objective: To generate a self-report instrument to capture clinically relevant variations in expectant parents’ caregiving development, specified by how they are preparing to parent an infant with a major congenital anomaly. Methods: Recent literature structured domains to guide item generation. Evaluations by experts and expectant parents led to a refined instrument for field testing. Psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results: Samples included expert evaluators (n = 9), and expectant parent evaluators (n = 20) and expectant mother field testers (n = 67) with fetal anomaly diagnoses. Preparing to Parent-Act, Relate, Engage (PreP-ARE) resulted from a three factor solution that explained 71.8 % of the total variance, with global Cronbach's α = 0.72, and sub-scales 0.81, 0.65, 0.72 respectively. Cohen's weighted kappa indicated all items were acceptably reliable, with 14 of 19 items showing moderate (≥ 0.41) or good (≥ 0.61) reliability. Convergent validity was found between the maternal antenatal attachment and Act scales (r = 0.39, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This empirically-based instrument was demonstrated to be valid and reliable, and has potential for studying this transitional time. Practice Implications: PreP-ARE could be used to understand patient responses to the diagnosis, level of engagement, readiness to make decisions, and ability to form collaborative partnerships to manage healthcare.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 666-670 |
Number of pages | 5 |
Journal | Patient Education and Counseling |
Volume | 104 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2021 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The study was funded through National Institute of Nursing Research, Interventions for Preventing and Managing Chronic Illness [5T32NR007091-20] at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a Grant-in-Aid of Research, Artistry, and Scholarship [91204] from the Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota.
Funding Information:
The study was funded through National Institute of Nursing Research, Interventions for Preventing and Managing Chronic Illness [ 5T32NR007091-20 ] at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a Grant-in-Aid of Research, Artistry, and Scholarship [ 91204 ] from the Office of the Vice President for Research, University of Minnesota .
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Assessment
- Exploratory factor analysis
- Infant care
- Instrument development
- Maternal-fetal care
- Measurement
- Parents
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal care
- Prenatal diagnosis