Differential physiological and metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress

Jorge González-Villagra; Rebeca Patrícia Omena-Garcia; Acácio Rodrigues-Salvador; Adriano Nunes-Nesi; Jerry D. Cohen; Marjorie M. Reyes-Díaz

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104814

Differential physiological and metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress

Jorge González-Villagra, Rebeca Patrícia Omena-Garcia, Acácio Rodrigues-Salvador, Adriano Nunes-Nesi, Jerry D. Cohen, Marjorie M. Reyes-Díaz

Horticultural Science

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4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Drought stress reduces plant growth and crop yields. Plants activate defense mechanisms, such as stomatal closure, phenolic compounds biosynthesis, compatible solutes, protein, amino acids, and abscisic acid to cope with drought stress. Most studies on drought stress effects have been focused only on fully expanded leaves, while information on young leaves is scarce. In this study, we investigated the differential photosynthetic performance as well as the primary and secondary metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. We found that drought stress negatively affected net CO₂ assimilation (A_N), stomatal conductance (g_s), and transpiration (E) more drastically in young leaves than fully expanded leaves of A. chilensis plants. On the other hand, young leaves accumulated higher total protein than fully expanded leaves of plants at day 10 of drought stress. Likewise, the total amino acid was increased in young leaves of stressed plants on days 5, 10, and 20, showing higher values at the end of the experiment. Starch was reduced in both young and fully expanded leaves of drought-stressed plants, while sucrose and fructose levels increased around 2-fold in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress. We observed that leucine and valine increased in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress, while in contrast, no changes were observed in the fully expanded leaves. PCA analysis clearly separated the young from fully expanded leaves at 10 and 20 days under drought stress, where anthocyanins and related genes (UFGT and NCED) were stimulated in fully expanded leaves, while in young leaves was amino acids, sucrose, and fructose. Our results demonstrate that young leaves stimulate branched-chain amino acid and phenylalanine accumulation, while fully expanded leaves stimulate anthocyanins and related genes, showing different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to respond to drought stress.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	104814
Journal	Environmental and Experimental Botany
Volume	196
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104814
State	Published - Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID, ex CONICYT) for the PhD. grant to JG-V (CONICYT at Nº 21130602), FONDECYT POSTDOCTORAL N° 3200594, FONDECYT N° 1171286, and BestPlant Co., Curico, Chile, for providing the maqui plants. The author JG-V thanks Dr. Victor Polanco from Universidad Mayor for kindly providing AcUFGT primer sequences, and Mariela Mora Garrido, biologist, for its collaboration in HPLC-DAD analysis. Research fellowships granted by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) to RPO-G and AN-N are also gratefully acknowledged.

Funding Information:
We would like to thank the Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID, ex CONICYT) for the PhD. grant to JG-V (CONICYT at Nº 21130602 ), FONDECYT POSTDOCTORAL N° 3200594 , FONDECYT N° 1171286 , and BestPlant Co. , Curico, Chile, for providing the maqui plants. The author JG-V thanks Dr. Victor Polanco from Universidad Mayor for kindly providing AcUFGT primer sequences, and Mariela Mora Garrido, biologist, for its collaboration in HPLC-DAD analysis. Research fellowships granted by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) to RPO-G and AN-N are also gratefully acknowledged.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Fully-expanded leaves
Maqui
Phytohormone
UFGT expression
Water stress

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González-Villagra, J., Omena-Garcia, R. P., Rodrigues-Salvador, A., Nunes-Nesi, A., Cohen, J. D., & Reyes-Díaz, M. M. (2022). Differential physiological and metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 196, Article 104814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104814

Differential physiological and metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. / González-Villagra, Jorge; Omena-Garcia, Rebeca Patrícia; Rodrigues-Salvador, Acácio et al.
In: Environmental and Experimental Botany, Vol. 196, 104814, 04.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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abstract = "Drought stress reduces plant growth and crop yields. Plants activate defense mechanisms, such as stomatal closure, phenolic compounds biosynthesis, compatible solutes, protein, amino acids, and abscisic acid to cope with drought stress. Most studies on drought stress effects have been focused only on fully expanded leaves, while information on young leaves is scarce. In this study, we investigated the differential photosynthetic performance as well as the primary and secondary metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. We found that drought stress negatively affected net CO2 assimilation (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) more drastically in young leaves than fully expanded leaves of A. chilensis plants. On the other hand, young leaves accumulated higher total protein than fully expanded leaves of plants at day 10 of drought stress. Likewise, the total amino acid was increased in young leaves of stressed plants on days 5, 10, and 20, showing higher values at the end of the experiment. Starch was reduced in both young and fully expanded leaves of drought-stressed plants, while sucrose and fructose levels increased around 2-fold in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress. We observed that leucine and valine increased in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress, while in contrast, no changes were observed in the fully expanded leaves. PCA analysis clearly separated the young from fully expanded leaves at 10 and 20 days under drought stress, where anthocyanins and related genes (UFGT and NCED) were stimulated in fully expanded leaves, while in young leaves was amino acids, sucrose, and fructose. Our results demonstrate that young leaves stimulate branched-chain amino acid and phenylalanine accumulation, while fully expanded leaves stimulate anthocyanins and related genes, showing different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to respond to drought stress.",

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note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank the Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (ANID, ex CONICYT) for the PhD. grant to JG-V (CONICYT at Nº 21130602), FONDECYT POSTDOCTORAL N° 3200594, FONDECYT N° 1171286, and BestPlant Co., Curico, Chile, for providing the maqui plants. The author JG-V thanks Dr. Victor Polanco from Universidad Mayor for kindly providing AcUFGT primer sequences, and Mariela Mora Garrido, biologist, for its collaboration in HPLC-DAD analysis. Research fellowships granted by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (CNPq, Brazil) to RPO-G and AN-N are also gratefully acknowledged. Funding Information: We would like to thank the Agencia Nacional de Investigaci{\'o}n y Desarrollo (ANID, ex CONICYT) for the PhD. grant to JG-V (CONICYT at Nº 21130602 ), FONDECYT POSTDOCTORAL N° 3200594 , FONDECYT N° 1171286 , and BestPlant Co. , Curico, Chile, for providing the maqui plants. The author JG-V thanks Dr. Victor Polanco from Universidad Mayor for kindly providing AcUFGT primer sequences, and Mariela Mora Garrido, biologist, for its collaboration in HPLC-DAD analysis. Research fellowships granted by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient{\'i}fico e Tecnol{\'o}gico (CNPq, Brazil) to RPO-G and AN-N are also gratefully acknowledged. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",

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N2 - Drought stress reduces plant growth and crop yields. Plants activate defense mechanisms, such as stomatal closure, phenolic compounds biosynthesis, compatible solutes, protein, amino acids, and abscisic acid to cope with drought stress. Most studies on drought stress effects have been focused only on fully expanded leaves, while information on young leaves is scarce. In this study, we investigated the differential photosynthetic performance as well as the primary and secondary metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. We found that drought stress negatively affected net CO2 assimilation (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) more drastically in young leaves than fully expanded leaves of A. chilensis plants. On the other hand, young leaves accumulated higher total protein than fully expanded leaves of plants at day 10 of drought stress. Likewise, the total amino acid was increased in young leaves of stressed plants on days 5, 10, and 20, showing higher values at the end of the experiment. Starch was reduced in both young and fully expanded leaves of drought-stressed plants, while sucrose and fructose levels increased around 2-fold in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress. We observed that leucine and valine increased in young leaves at days 10 and 20 of drought stress, while in contrast, no changes were observed in the fully expanded leaves. PCA analysis clearly separated the young from fully expanded leaves at 10 and 20 days under drought stress, where anthocyanins and related genes (UFGT and NCED) were stimulated in fully expanded leaves, while in young leaves was amino acids, sucrose, and fructose. Our results demonstrate that young leaves stimulate branched-chain amino acid and phenylalanine accumulation, while fully expanded leaves stimulate anthocyanins and related genes, showing different physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to respond to drought stress.

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Differential physiological and metabolic responses in young and fully expanded leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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