TY - JOUR
T1 - Dog colour patterns explained by modular promoters of ancient canid origin
AU - DoGA Consortium
AU - Bannasch, Danika L.
AU - Kaelin, Christopher B.
AU - Letko, Anna
AU - Loechel, Robert
AU - Hug, Petra
AU - Jagannathan, Vidhya
AU - Henkel, Jan
AU - Roosje, Petra
AU - Hytönen, Marjo K.
AU - Lohi, Hannes
AU - Arumilli, Meharji
AU - Kere, Juha
AU - Daub, Carsten
AU - Hytönen, Marjo
AU - Araujo, César L.
AU - Quintero, Ileana B.
AU - Kyöstilä, Kaisa
AU - Kaukonen, Maria
AU - Arumilli, Meharji
AU - Salonen, Milla
AU - Sarviaho, Riika
AU - Niskanen, Julia
AU - Hundi, Sruthi
AU - Puurunen, Jenni
AU - Sulkama, Sini
AU - Karjalainen, Sini
AU - Sukura, Antti
AU - Syrjä, Pernilla
AU - Airas, Niina
AU - Pekkarinen, Henna
AU - Kareinen, Ilona
AU - Knuuttila, Anna
AU - Nordgren, Heli
AU - Hagner, Karoliina
AU - Pääkkönen, Tarja
AU - Iivanainen, Antti
AU - Krjutskov, Kaarel
AU - Ezer, Sini
AU - Saarinen, Auli
AU - Katayama, Shintaro
AU - Yoshihara, Masahito
AU - Hörtenhuber, Matthias
AU - Aljelaify, Rasha Fahad
AU - Ross, Fiona
AU - Raman, Amitha
AU - Stevens, Irene
AU - Gusev, Oleg
AU - Schoenebeck, Jeffrey J.
AU - Minor, Katie M.
AU - Mickelson, James R.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s).
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Distinctive colour patterns in dogs are an integral component of canine diversity. Colour pattern differences are thought to have arisen from mutation and artificial selection during and after domestication from wolves but important gaps remain in understanding how these patterns evolved and are genetically controlled. In other mammals, variation at the ASIP gene controls both the temporal and spatial distribution of yellow and black pigments. Here, we identify independent regulatory modules for ventral and hair cycle ASIP expression, and we characterize their action and evolutionary origin. Structural variants define multiple alleles for each regulatory module and are combined in different ways to explain five distinctive dog colour patterns. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the haplotype combination for one of these patterns is shared with Arctic white wolves and that its hair cycle-specific module probably originated from an extinct canid that diverged from grey wolves more than 2 million years ago. Natural selection for a lighter coat during the Pleistocene provided the genetic framework for widespread colour variation in dogs and wolves.
AB - Distinctive colour patterns in dogs are an integral component of canine diversity. Colour pattern differences are thought to have arisen from mutation and artificial selection during and after domestication from wolves but important gaps remain in understanding how these patterns evolved and are genetically controlled. In other mammals, variation at the ASIP gene controls both the temporal and spatial distribution of yellow and black pigments. Here, we identify independent regulatory modules for ventral and hair cycle ASIP expression, and we characterize their action and evolutionary origin. Structural variants define multiple alleles for each regulatory module and are combined in different ways to explain five distinctive dog colour patterns. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the haplotype combination for one of these patterns is shared with Arctic white wolves and that its hair cycle-specific module probably originated from an extinct canid that diverged from grey wolves more than 2 million years ago. Natural selection for a lighter coat during the Pleistocene provided the genetic framework for widespread colour variation in dogs and wolves.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41559-021-01524-x
DO - 10.1038/s41559-021-01524-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 34385618
AN - SCOPUS:85113657122
SN - 2397-334X
VL - 5
SP - 1415
EP - 1423
JO - Nature Ecology and Evolution
JF - Nature Ecology and Evolution
IS - 10
ER -