Abstract
Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) is a highly invasive human pathogen for which turkeys can serve as reservoir hosts. Colonization of turkeys with SH may result in potential contamination and is a greater challenge to prevent in comminuted products. Antimicrobial efficacy of 3 GRAS-status plant-derived antimicrobials (PDAs), lemongrass essential oil (LG), citral (CIT), and trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), against SH in ground turkey, a comminuted product implicated in several outbreaks, was evaluated in this study. Ground turkey samples inoculated with ∼3.50 log10 CFU/g of a three-strain SH cocktail were treated with either LG, CIT, or TC at either 0.5, 1, or 2% (vol/wt). Samples were stored at 4°C, and bacterial enumeration was performed on d 0, 1, 3, and 5. Appropriate controls were included alongside all treatments. Fluorescence microscopy was performed to evaluate the direct impact of the PDAs against SH in vitro. Appearance and aroma difference testing of raw patties was also performed for select treatments with trained sensory panelists. Treatment with 2% TC yielded a 2.5 log10 CFU/g reduction by d 1 and complete reduction by d 5 (P < 0.05). By d 3, 2% CIT and 2% LG resulted in SH reduction of at least 1.7 log10 CFU/g (P < 0.05). Addition of 1% TC resulted in reduction of at least 1.8 log10 CFU/g by d 3 (P < 0.05). Participants could distinguish PDA-treated raw patties by aroma. Most participants (7/11) could not distinguish patties treated with 0.5% TC based on appearance. Microscopic images indicate that all PDAs resulted in disruption of the SH membrane. Results of the present study indicate that the three tested PDAs, LG, CIT, and TC are effective against SH in ground turkey, indicating their potential use as interventions to mitigate Salmonella contamination in comminuted turkey products.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 101581 |
Journal | Poultry science |
Volume | 101 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The authors would like to thank the Minnesota Turkey Research and Promotion Council (MTRPC) Grant ( 2018-02 ), the Minnesota Agricultural Experimentation Station (Projects MIN-16-120 and 18-138), and USDA NIFA Hatch Grant (Accession#1016910) for the financial support of this research. The authors would also like to acknowledge the Minnesota Discovery, Research and InnoVation Economy (MnDRIVE) graduate fellowship awarded to G. Dewi for professional training during her graduate research
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
Keywords
- Salmonella
- antibacterial
- citral
- lemongrass
- trans-cinnamaldehyde
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article