Effects of neonicotinoid imidacloprid exposure on bumble bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) queen survival and nest initiation

Agriculture & Biology

• neonicotinoid insecticides 80%
• Apidae 74%
• imidacloprid 74%
• queen insects 68%
• Hymenoptera 52%
• nests 51%
• foraging 20%
• Bombus impatiens 19%
• bees 17%
• pollen 9%
• dosage 9%
• brood rearing 8%
• dietary exposure 8%
• risk reduction 8%
• syrups 7%
• sublethal effects 7%
• nectar 6%
• eclosion 5%
• oviposition 5%
• pesticides 5%
• insects 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• neonicotinoid pesticide 100%
• imidacloprid 96%
• bee 79%
• nest 70%
• exposure 36%
• effect 14%
• dose 14%
• pollen 11%
• nectar 9%
• egg 6%
• insect 6%
• pesticide 5%
• mitigation 4%
• parameter 2%
• rate 2%