Abstract
Lattice QCD simulations have shown unequivocally that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons is a crossover when the baryon chemical potential is zero or small. Many model calculations predict the existence of a critical point at a value of the chemical potential where current lattice simulations are unreliable. We show how to embed a critical point in a smooth background equation of state so as to yield the critical exponents and critical amplitude ratios expected of a transition in the same universality class as the liquid-gas phase transition and the three-dimensional Ising model. There are only two independent critical exponents; the relations α+2β+γ=2 and β(δ-1)=γ arise automatically, as does a relation between the two critical amplitudes. The resulting equation of state has parameters that may be inferred by hydrodynamic modeling of heavy-ion collisions in the Beam Energy Scan II at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider or in experiments at other accelerators.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 014909 |
Journal | Physical Review C |
Volume | 106 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 2022 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
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