Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight

H. Schoorlemmer; K. Belov; A. Romero-Wolf; D. García-Fernández; V. Bugaev; S. A. Wissel; P. Allison; J. Alvarez-Muñiz; S. W. Barwick; J. J. Beatty; D. Z. Besson; W. R. Binns; W. R. Carvalho; C. Chen; P. Chen; J. M. Clem; A. Connolly; P. F. Dowkontt; M. A. Duvernois; R. C. Field; D. Goldstein; P. W. Gorham; C. Hast; T. Huege; C. L. Heber; S. Hoover; M. H. Israel; A. Javaid; J. Kowalski; J. Lam; J. G. Learned; J. T. Link; E. Lusczek; S. Matsuno; B. C. Mercurio; C. Miki; P. Miočinović; K. Mulrey; J. Nam; C. J. Naudet; J. Ng; R. J. Nichol; K. Palladino; B. F. Rauch; J. Roberts; K. Reil; B. Rotter; M. Rosen; L. Ruckman; D. Saltzberg; D. Seckel; D. Urdaneta; G. S. Varner; A. G. Vieregg; D. Walz; F. Wu; E. Zas

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001

Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight

H. Schoorlemmer, K. Belov, A. Romero-Wolf, D. García-Fernández, V. Bugaev, S. A. Wissel, P. Allison, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, S. W. Barwick, J. J. Beatty, D. Z. Besson, W. R. Binns, W. R. Carvalho, C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, P. F. Dowkontt, M. A. Duvernois, R. C. FieldD. Goldstein, P. W. Gorham, C. Hast, T. Huege, C. L. Heber, S. Hoover, M. H. Israel, A. Javaid, J. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. G. Learned, J. T. Link, E. Lusczek, S. Matsuno, B. C. Mercurio, C. Miki, P. Miočinović, K. Mulrey, J. Nam, C. J. Naudet, J. Ng, R. J. Nichol, K. Palladino, B. F. Rauch, J. Roberts, K. Reil, B. Rotter, M. Rosen, L. Ruckman, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Urdaneta, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, D. Walz, F. Wu, E. Zas

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Abstract

The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of ∼36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 × 10¹⁸ eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	32-43
Number of pages	12
Journal	Astroparticle Physics
Volume	77
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001
State	Published - Apr 1 2016

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© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Air shower
Cosmic rays
Radio detection

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Schoorlemmer, H., Belov, K., Romero-Wolf, A., García-Fernández, D., Bugaev, V., Wissel, S. A., Allison, P., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Barwick, S. W., Beatty, J. J., Besson, D. Z., Binns, W. R., Carvalho, W. R., Chen, C., Chen, P., Clem, J. M., Connolly, A., Dowkontt, P. F., Duvernois, M. A., ... Zas, E. (2016). Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight. Astroparticle Physics, 77, 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001

Schoorlemmer, H, Belov, K, Romero-Wolf, A, García-Fernández, D, Bugaev, V, Wissel, SA, Allison, P, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Barwick, SW, Beatty, JJ, Besson, DZ, Binns, WR, Carvalho, WR, Chen, C, Chen, P, Clem, JM, Connolly, A, Dowkontt, PF, Duvernois, MA, Field, RC, Goldstein, D, Gorham, PW, Hast, C, Huege, T, Heber, CL, Hoover, S, Israel, MH, Javaid, A, Kowalski, J, Lam, J, Learned, JG, Link, JT, Lusczek, E, Matsuno, S, Mercurio, BC, Miki, C, Miočinović, P, Mulrey, K, Nam, J, Naudet, CJ, Ng, J, Nichol, RJ, Palladino, K, Rauch, BF, Roberts, J, Reil, K, Rotter, B, Rosen, M, Ruckman, L, Saltzberg, D, Seckel, D, Urdaneta, D, Varner, GS, Vieregg, AG, Walz, D, Wu, F & Zas, E 2016, 'Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight', Astroparticle Physics, vol. 77, pp. 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001

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title = "Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight",

abstract = "The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of ∼36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 × 1018 eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.",

keywords = "Air shower, Cosmic rays, Radio detection",

author = "H. Schoorlemmer and K. Belov and A. Romero-Wolf and D. Garc{\'i}a-Fern{\'a}ndez and V. Bugaev and Wissel, {S. A.} and P. Allison and J. Alvarez-Mu{\~n}iz and Barwick, {S. W.} and Beatty, {J. J.} and Besson, {D. Z.} and Binns, {W. R.} and Carvalho, {W. R.} and C. Chen and P. Chen and Clem, {J. M.} and A. Connolly and Dowkontt, {P. F.} and Duvernois, {M. A.} and Field, {R. C.} and D. Goldstein and Gorham, {P. W.} and C. Hast and T. Huege and Heber, {C. L.} and S. Hoover and Israel, {M. H.} and A. Javaid and J. Kowalski and J. Lam and Learned, {J. G.} and Link, {J. T.} and E. Lusczek and S. Matsuno and Mercurio, {B. C.} and C. Miki and P. Mio{\v c}inovi{\'c} and K. Mulrey and J. Nam and Naudet, {C. J.} and J. Ng and Nichol, {R. J.} and K. Palladino and Rauch, {B. F.} and J. Roberts and K. Reil and B. Rotter and M. Rosen and L. Ruckman and D. Saltzberg and D. Seckel and D. Urdaneta and Varner, {G. S.} and Vieregg, {A. G.} and D. Walz and F. Wu and E. Zas",

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AU - Schoorlemmer, H.

AU - Belov, K.

AU - Romero-Wolf, A.

AU - García-Fernández, D.

AU - Bugaev, V.

AU - Wissel, S. A.

AU - Allison, P.

AU - Alvarez-Muñiz, J.

AU - Barwick, S. W.

AU - Beatty, J. J.

AU - Besson, D. Z.

AU - Binns, W. R.

AU - Carvalho, W. R.

AU - Chen, C.

AU - Chen, P.

AU - Clem, J. M.

AU - Connolly, A.

AU - Dowkontt, P. F.

AU - Duvernois, M. A.

AU - Field, R. C.

AU - Goldstein, D.

AU - Gorham, P. W.

AU - Hast, C.

AU - Huege, T.

AU - Heber, C. L.

AU - Hoover, S.

AU - Israel, M. H.

AU - Javaid, A.

AU - Kowalski, J.

AU - Lam, J.

AU - Learned, J. G.

AU - Link, J. T.

AU - Lusczek, E.

AU - Matsuno, S.

AU - Mercurio, B. C.

AU - Miki, C.

AU - Miočinović, P.

AU - Mulrey, K.

AU - Nam, J.

AU - Naudet, C. J.

AU - Ng, J.

AU - Nichol, R. J.

AU - Palladino, K.

AU - Rauch, B. F.

AU - Roberts, J.

AU - Reil, K.

AU - Rotter, B.

AU - Rosen, M.

AU - Ruckman, L.

AU - Saltzberg, D.

AU - Seckel, D.

AU - Urdaneta, D.

AU - Varner, G. S.

AU - Vieregg, A. G.

AU - Walz, D.

AU - Wu, F.

AU - Zas, E.

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N2 - The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of ∼36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 × 1018 eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.

AB - The first flight of the Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) experiment recorded 16 radio signals that were emitted by cosmic-ray induced air showers. The dominant contribution to the radiation comes from the deflection of positrons and electrons in the geomagnetic field, which is beamed in the direction of motion of the air shower. For 14 of these events, this radiation is reflected from the ice and subsequently detected by the ANITA experiment at a flight altitude of ∼36 km. In this paper, we estimate the energy of the 14 individual events and find that the mean energy of the cosmic-ray sample is 2.9 × 1018 eV, which is significantly lower than the previous estimate. By simulating the ANITA flight, we calculate its exposure for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We estimate for the first time the cosmic-ray flux derived only from radio observations and find agreement with measurements performed at other observatories. In addition, we find that the ANITA data set is consistent with Monte Carlo simulations for the total number of observed events and with the properties of those events.

KW - Air shower

KW - Cosmic rays

KW - Radio detection

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84957580367&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001

DO - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.01.001

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84957580367

SN - 0927-6505

VL - 77

SP - 32

EP - 43

JO - Astroparticle Physics

JF - Astroparticle Physics

ER -

Energy and flux measurements of ultra-high energy cosmic rays observed during the first ANITA flight

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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