Enhanced coagulation due to evaporation and its effect on nanoparticle evolution

A new explanation for the evolution of particles near a roadway is proposed. The explanation starts with data that suggest that small (<15 nm) liquid nanoparticles shed semivolatile organics (<C₂₄) almost immediately upon emission. It is shown here that the shrinking of these particles enhances their rates of coagulation by over an order of magnitude, and this appears important in helping to explain particle evolution further downwind, as measured by two datasets, including one reported here, and as found with a three-dimensional numerical model used to simulate the data. Enhanced coagulation in isolated emission puffs may also affect evolution. Neither condensation, complete evaporation, coagulation alone, nor preferential small-particle dilution appears to explain the evolution.