Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca2+ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts

Kevin R. Murphy; Brett Baggett; Leroy L. Cooper; Yichun Lu; Jin O-Uchi; John M. Sedivy; Dmitry Terentyev; Gideon Koren

doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01277

Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca²⁺ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts

Kevin R. Murphy, Brett Baggett, Leroy L. Cooper, Yichun Lu, Jin O-Uchi, John M. Sedivy, Dmitry Terentyev, Gideon Koren

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Aim: Aging in humans is associated with a 10–40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca²⁺ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca²⁺ homeostasis. Methods and Results: Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit CMs and mito-ROS production in HL-1 CMs. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca²⁺ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca²⁺ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca²⁺ handling in CMs derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion: Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca²⁺ release via oxidized RyR2s.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	1277
Journal	Frontiers in Physiology
Volume	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01277
State	Published - Oct 4 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We thank Dr. William Claycomb for providing the HL-1 CM cell line. We also thank the Sadoshima Lab for providing adenoviral TF-LC3-GFP, LacZ, and ATG7, as well as Dr. Brian O’Rourke for providing roGFP adenovirus, Dr. Mark Anderson for providing imaging support, and Dr. Jason Machan for providing consultation for statistical analysis of some datasets presented. Finally, we thank Dr. Karim Roder for his comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Funding. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL110791 (to GK and JS), R21-AG049608 (to JS and GK), and R01-HL121796 (to DT).

Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2019 Murphy, Baggett, Cooper, Lu, O-Uchi, Sedivy, Terentyev and Koren.

Keywords

aging
autophagy
calcium
cardiac physiology
ryanodine receptor

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10.3389/fphys.2019.01277

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Cite this

@article{a0275d9b750d4894b7e09462c4996a7e,

title = "Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca2+ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts",

abstract = "Aim: Aging in humans is associated with a 10–40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. Methods and Results: Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit CMs and mito-ROS production in HL-1 CMs. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca2+ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca2+ handling in CMs derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion: Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release via oxidized RyR2s.",

keywords = "aging, autophagy, calcium, cardiac physiology, ryanodine receptor",

author = "Murphy, {Kevin R.} and Brett Baggett and Cooper, {Leroy L.} and Yichun Lu and Jin O-Uchi and Sedivy, {John M.} and Dmitry Terentyev and Gideon Koren",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. William Claycomb for providing the HL-1 CM cell line. We also thank the Sadoshima Lab for providing adenoviral TF-LC3-GFP, LacZ, and ATG7, as well as Dr. Brian O{\textquoteright}Rourke for providing roGFP adenovirus, Dr. Mark Anderson for providing imaging support, and Dr. Jason Machan for providing consultation for statistical analysis of some datasets presented. Finally, we thank Dr. Karim Roder for his comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Funding. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL110791 (to GK and JS), R21-AG049608 (to JS and GK), and R01-HL121796 (to DT). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2019 Murphy, Baggett, Cooper, Lu, O-Uchi, Sedivy, Terentyev and Koren.",

year = "2019",

month = oct,

day = "4",

doi = "10.3389/fphys.2019.01277",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "10",

journal = "Frontiers in Physiology",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca2+ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts

AU - Murphy, Kevin R.

AU - Baggett, Brett

AU - Cooper, Leroy L.

AU - Lu, Yichun

AU - O-Uchi, Jin

AU - Sedivy, John M.

AU - Terentyev, Dmitry

AU - Koren, Gideon

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. William Claycomb for providing the HL-1 CM cell line. We also thank the Sadoshima Lab for providing adenoviral TF-LC3-GFP, LacZ, and ATG7, as well as Dr. Brian O’Rourke for providing roGFP adenovirus, Dr. Mark Anderson for providing imaging support, and Dr. Jason Machan for providing consultation for statistical analysis of some datasets presented. Finally, we thank Dr. Karim Roder for his comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Funding. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants R01HL110791 (to GK and JS), R21-AG049608 (to JS and GK), and R01-HL121796 (to DT). Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2019 Murphy, Baggett, Cooper, Lu, O-Uchi, Sedivy, Terentyev and Koren.

PY - 2019/10/4

Y1 - 2019/10/4

N2 - Aim: Aging in humans is associated with a 10–40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. Methods and Results: Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit CMs and mito-ROS production in HL-1 CMs. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca2+ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca2+ handling in CMs derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion: Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release via oxidized RyR2s.

AB - Aim: Aging in humans is associated with a 10–40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. Methods and Results: Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit CMs and mito-ROS production in HL-1 CMs. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca2+ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca2+ handling in CMs derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion: Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release via oxidized RyR2s.

KW - aging

KW - autophagy

KW - calcium

KW - cardiac physiology

KW - ryanodine receptor

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