TY - JOUR
T1 - Exercise and hormesis
T2 - Activation of cellular antioxidant signaling pathway
AU - Ji, Li Li
AU - Gomez-Cabrera, Maria Carmen
AU - Vina, Jose
PY - 2006/5
Y1 - 2006/5
N2 - Contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated after heavy exercise. Nuclear factor (NF) κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are the major oxidative stress-sensitive signal transduction pathways in mammalian tissues. Activation of NF-κB signaling cascade has been shown to enhance the gene expression of important enzymes, such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). MAPK activations are involved in a variety of cellular functions including growth, proliferation, and adaptation. We investigated the effect of an acute bout of exercise on NF-κB and MAPK signaling, as well as on the time course of activation, in rat skeletal muscle. In addition, we studied the role of ROS in the exercise-induced upregulation of MnSOD and iNOS, and the potential interactions of NF-κB and MAPK in the signaling of these enzymes. Our data suggest that ROS may serve as messenger molecules to activate adaptive responses through these redox-sensitive signaling pathways to maintain cellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis during exercise.
AB - Contraction-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been shown to cause oxidative stress to skeletal muscle. As an adaptive response, muscle antioxidant defense systems are upregulated after heavy exercise. Nuclear factor (NF) κB and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are the major oxidative stress-sensitive signal transduction pathways in mammalian tissues. Activation of NF-κB signaling cascade has been shown to enhance the gene expression of important enzymes, such as mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). MAPK activations are involved in a variety of cellular functions including growth, proliferation, and adaptation. We investigated the effect of an acute bout of exercise on NF-κB and MAPK signaling, as well as on the time course of activation, in rat skeletal muscle. In addition, we studied the role of ROS in the exercise-induced upregulation of MnSOD and iNOS, and the potential interactions of NF-κB and MAPK in the signaling of these enzymes. Our data suggest that ROS may serve as messenger molecules to activate adaptive responses through these redox-sensitive signaling pathways to maintain cellular oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis during exercise.
KW - Antioxidant
KW - Exercise
KW - MAPK
KW - Nuclear factor (NF) kappa B
KW - Reactive oxygen species
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33744468523&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33744468523&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1196/annals.1354.061
DO - 10.1196/annals.1354.061
M3 - Article
C2 - 16804022
AN - SCOPUS:33744468523
SN - 0077-8923
VL - 1067
SP - 425
EP - 435
JO - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
IS - 1
ER -