Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms

Nathan Baeckeland; D. Venkatramanan; Michael Kleemann; Sairaj Dhople

doi:10.1109/IECON49645.2022.9968557

Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms

Nathan Baeckeland, D. Venkatramanan, Michael Kleemann, Sairaj Dhople

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this paper, we compare the performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters during unbalanced grid faults. By performing an exhaustive time-domain electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation study of an all-inverter network, we compute a variety of transient and steady-state fault signatures including peak current, transient time, sequence voltages, and harmonic distortion with computational methods spanning wavelet, Fourier, and Forstescue transforms. Simulation results quantitatively establish that: i) GFM control architectures offer superior transient and steady-state fault performance compared to GFL architectures, ii) the performance of the virtual-impedance current limiter in GFM inverters offers better performance compared to current-reference saturation limiter, and iii) the specific choice of primary-control method has minimal impact on fault behavior of GFM inverters.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	IECON 2022 - 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
Publisher	IEEE Computer Society
ISBN (Electronic)	9781665480253
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON49645.2022.9968557
State	Published - 2022
Externally published	Yes
Event	48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022 - Brussels, Belgium Duration: Oct 17 2022 → Oct 20 2022

Publication series

Name	IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference)
Volume	2022-October

Conference

Conference	48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022
Country/Territory	Belgium
City	Brussels
Period	10/17/22 → 10/20/22

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) through the award numbers EE0009025 and 38637 (UNIFI consortium), respectively; and the Belgian American Educational Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IEEE.

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Baeckeland, N., Venkatramanan, D., Kleemann, M., & Dhople, S. (2022). Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms. In IECON 2022 - 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference); Vol. 2022-October). IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON49645.2022.9968557

Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms. / Baeckeland, Nathan; Venkatramanan, D.; Kleemann, Michael et al.
IECON 2022 - 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE Computer Society, 2022. (IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference); Vol. 2022-October).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Baeckeland, N, Venkatramanan, D, Kleemann, M & Dhople, S 2022, Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms. in IECON 2022 - 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference), vol. 2022-October, IEEE Computer Society, 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2022, Brussels, Belgium, 10/17/22. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON49645.2022.9968557

Baeckeland N, Venkatramanan D, Kleemann M, Dhople S. Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms. In IECON 2022 - 48th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE Computer Society. 2022. (IECON Proceedings (Industrial Electronics Conference)). doi: 10.1109/IECON49645.2022.9968557

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abstract = "In this paper, we compare the performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters during unbalanced grid faults. By performing an exhaustive time-domain electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation study of an all-inverter network, we compute a variety of transient and steady-state fault signatures including peak current, transient time, sequence voltages, and harmonic distortion with computational methods spanning wavelet, Fourier, and Forstescue transforms. Simulation results quantitatively establish that: i) GFM control architectures offer superior transient and steady-state fault performance compared to GFL architectures, ii) the performance of the virtual-impedance current limiter in GFM inverters offers better performance compared to current-reference saturation limiter, and iii) the specific choice of primary-control method has minimal impact on fault behavior of GFM inverters.",

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AB - In this paper, we compare the performance of grid-forming (GFM) and grid-following (GFL) inverters during unbalanced grid faults. By performing an exhaustive time-domain electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation study of an all-inverter network, we compute a variety of transient and steady-state fault signatures including peak current, transient time, sequence voltages, and harmonic distortion with computational methods spanning wavelet, Fourier, and Forstescue transforms. Simulation results quantitatively establish that: i) GFM control architectures offer superior transient and steady-state fault performance compared to GFL architectures, ii) the performance of the virtual-impedance current limiter in GFM inverters offers better performance compared to current-reference saturation limiter, and iii) the specific choice of primary-control method has minimal impact on fault behavior of GFM inverters.

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Fault Behavior of Inverter-based Resources: A Comparative Study for Grid-forming and Grid-following Control Paradigms

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