Abstract
Background: Bias in adolescent self-reported height and weight is well documented. Given the importance and widespread use of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) data for obesity research, we developed and tested the feasibility and validity of an empirically derived statistical correction for self-report bias in wave 1 (W1) of Add Health, a large panel study in the United States. Methods: Participants in grades 7-12 with complete height and weight data at W1 were included (n = 20,175). We used measured and self-reported (SR) height and weight and relevant biopsychosocial factors from wave 2 (W2) of Add Health (n = 14,190) to identify sources of bias and derive the most efficient sex-specific estimates of corrected height and weight. Measured, SR, and corrected W2 BMI values were calculated and compared, including sensitivity and specificity. Final correction equations were applied to W1. Results: After correction, weight status misclassification rates among those who underestimated their weight status were reduced from 6.6 to 5.7 % for males and from 8.0 to 5.6 % for females compared to self-report; and the correlation between SR and measured BMI in W2 increased slightly from 0.92 to 0.93. Among females, correction procedures resulted in a 3.4 % increase in sensitivity to detect overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25) and 5.9 % increase in sensitivity for obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Conclusions: Findings suggest that application of the proposed statistical corrections can reduce bias of self-report height and weight in W1 of the Add Health data and may be useful in some analyses. In particular, the corrected BMI values improve sensitivity --the ability to detect a true positive - for overweight/obesity among females, which addresses a major concern about self-report bias in obesity research. However, the correction does not improve sensitivity to identify underweight or healthy weight adolescents and so should be applied selectively based on research questions.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 124 |
| Pages (from-to) | 1-10 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | BMC Medical Research Methodology |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Sep 22 2016 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This research uses data from Add Health, a program project directed by Kathleen Mullan Harris and designed by J. Richard Udry, Peter S. Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and funded by grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 23 other federal agencies and foundations. Special acknowledgment is due Ronald R. Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website (http://www.cpc.unc.edu/addhealth). No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The second author, Xuan Bi, is now a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Biostatistics at Yale University in New Haven, CT.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by a Campus Research Board award to the first author (JL) from the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 The Author(s).
Keywords
- Add Health
- Body mass index
- Epidemiology
- Obesity
- Overweight
- Self-report bias
- Self-report vs. measured
- Self-reported weight
- Statistical adjustment
- Statistical correction
