TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluctuating velocity and momentum transfer in dense granular flows
AU - Gioia, G.
AU - Ott-Monsivais, S. E.
AU - Hill, K. M.
PY - 2006
Y1 - 2006
N2 - We show experimentally that in a free-surface granular flow the fluctuating velocity brings about momentum transfer at a considerable rate only very close to the free surface. Away from the free surface, where the flow is dense and stratified (or laminar), the fluctuating velocity plays no prominent dynamic role and stems passively from a kinematic constraint: The strata of particles must shake laterally as they slip past one another in the direction of the mean flow. Based on this insight, we formulate a simple model for the fluctuating velocity of dense granular flows. The predictions of the model agree well with our experimental measurements.
AB - We show experimentally that in a free-surface granular flow the fluctuating velocity brings about momentum transfer at a considerable rate only very close to the free surface. Away from the free surface, where the flow is dense and stratified (or laminar), the fluctuating velocity plays no prominent dynamic role and stems passively from a kinematic constraint: The strata of particles must shake laterally as they slip past one another in the direction of the mean flow. Based on this insight, we formulate a simple model for the fluctuating velocity of dense granular flows. The predictions of the model agree well with our experimental measurements.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.138001
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.138001
M3 - Article
C2 - 16712039
AN - SCOPUS:33645699192
SN - 0031-9007
VL - 96
JO - Physical review letters
JF - Physical review letters
IS - 13
M1 - 138001
ER -