Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission

William Setterberg; Lindsay Glesener; Demoz Gebre Egziabher; John G. Sample; David M. Smith; Amir Caspi; Allan Faulkner; Lestat Clemmer; Kate Hildebrandt; Evan Skinner; Annsley Greathouse; Ty Kozic; Meredith Wieber; Mansour Savadogo; Mel Nightingale; Trevor Knuth

doi:10.1117/12.2628984

Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission

William Setterberg, Lindsay Glesener, Demoz Gebre Egziabher, John G. Sample, David M. Smith, Amir Caspi, Allan Faulkner, Lestat Clemmer, Kate Hildebrandt, Evan Skinner, Annsley Greathouse, Ty Kozic, Meredith Wieber, Mansour Savadogo, Mel Nightingale, Trevor Knuth

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

Solar flares are some of the most energetic events in the solar system and can be studied to investigate the physics of plasmas and stellar processes. One interesting aspect of solar flares is the presence of accelerated (nonthermal) particles, whose signatures appear in solar flare hard X-ray emissions. Debate has been ongoing since the early days of the space age as to how these particles are accelerated, and one way to probe relevant acceleration mechanisms is by investigating short-timescale (tens of milliseconds) variations in solar flare hard X-ray flux. The Impulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) CubeSat mission aims to measure these fast hard X-ray variations. In order to produce the best possible science data from this mission, we characterize the IMPRESS scintillator detectors using Geant4 Monte Carlo models. We show that the Geant4 Monte Carlo detector model is consistent with an analytical model. We find that Geant4 simulations of X-ray and optical interactions explain observed features in experimental data, but do not completely account for our measured energy resolution. We further show that nonuniform light collection leads to double-peak behavior at the 662 keV ¹³⁷Cs photopeak and can be corrected in Geant4 models and likely in the lab.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022
Subtitle of host publication	Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Editors	Jan-Willem A. den Herder, Shouleh Nikzad, Kazuhiro Nakazawa
Publisher	SPIE
ISBN (Electronic)	9781510653436
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628984
State	Published - 2022
Event	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray - Montreal, United States Duration: Jul 17 2022 → Jul 22 2022

Publication series

Name	Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering
Volume	12181
ISSN (Print)	0277-786X
ISSN (Electronic)	1996-756X

Conference

Conference	Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
Country/Territory	United States
City	Montreal
Period	7/17/22 → 7/22/22

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We would like to acknowledge NSF grant number AGS1841006 for funding. We would also like to acknowledge further support for the UMN SmallSat Research Laboratory from the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium, the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative, and the University Nanosatellite Program. Thanks to Lukas Ley at UMN for providing the render in Figure 1. Thanks to Allan Faulkner for collecting the 137Cs and 133Ba experimental data.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved.

Keywords

CeBr
CubeSat
Geant4
Monte Carlo
X-ray
X-ray detector
cerium bromide
scintillator
solar flare
spectrometer

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Setterberg, W., Glesener, L., Egziabher, D. G., Sample, J. G., Smith, D. M., Caspi, A., Faulkner, A., Clemmer, L., Hildebrandt, K., Skinner, E., Greathouse, A., Kozic, T., Wieber, M., Savadogo, M., Nightingale, M., & Knuth, T. (2022). Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission. In J.-W. A. den Herder, S. Nikzad, & K. Nakazawa (Eds.), Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray Article 121813M (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12181). SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628984

Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission. / Setterberg, William; Glesener, Lindsay ; Egziabher, Demoz Gebre et al.
Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. ed. / Jan-Willem A. den Herder; Shouleh Nikzad; Kazuhiro Nakazawa. SPIE, 2022. 121813M (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering; Vol. 12181).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Setterberg, W, Glesener, L , Egziabher, DG, Sample, JG, Smith, DM, Caspi, A, Faulkner, A, Clemmer, L, Hildebrandt, K, Skinner, E, Greathouse, A, Kozic, T, Wieber, M, Savadogo, M, Nightingale, M & Knuth, T 2022, Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission. in J-WA den Herder, S Nikzad & K Nakazawa (eds), Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray., 121813M, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 12181, SPIE, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, Montreal, United States, 7/17/22. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2628984

Setterberg W, Glesener L , Egziabher DG, Sample JG, Smith DM, Caspi A et al. Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission. In den Herder JWA, Nikzad S, Nakazawa K, editors, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. SPIE. 2022. 121813M. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering). doi: 10.1117/12.2628984

Setterberg, William ; Glesener, Lindsay ; Egziabher, Demoz Gebre et al. / Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. editor / Jan-Willem A. den Herder ; Shouleh Nikzad ; Kazuhiro Nakazawa. SPIE, 2022. (Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering).

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abstract = "Solar flares are some of the most energetic events in the solar system and can be studied to investigate the physics of plasmas and stellar processes. One interesting aspect of solar flares is the presence of accelerated (nonthermal) particles, whose signatures appear in solar flare hard X-ray emissions. Debate has been ongoing since the early days of the space age as to how these particles are accelerated, and one way to probe relevant acceleration mechanisms is by investigating short-timescale (tens of milliseconds) variations in solar flare hard X-ray flux. The Impulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) CubeSat mission aims to measure these fast hard X-ray variations. In order to produce the best possible science data from this mission, we characterize the IMPRESS scintillator detectors using Geant4 Monte Carlo models. We show that the Geant4 Monte Carlo detector model is consistent with an analytical model. We find that Geant4 simulations of X-ray and optical interactions explain observed features in experimental data, but do not completely account for our measured energy resolution. We further show that nonuniform light collection leads to double-peak behavior at the 662 keV 137Cs photopeak and can be corrected in Geant4 models and likely in the lab.",

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author = "William Setterberg and Lindsay Glesener and Egziabher, {Demoz Gebre} and Sample, {John G.} and Smith, {David M.} and Amir Caspi and Allan Faulkner and Lestat Clemmer and Kate Hildebrandt and Evan Skinner and Annsley Greathouse and Ty Kozic and Meredith Wieber and Mansour Savadogo and Mel Nightingale and Trevor Knuth",

note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge NSF grant number AGS1841006 for funding. We would also like to acknowledge further support for the UMN SmallSat Research Laboratory from the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium, the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative, and the University Nanosatellite Program. Thanks to Lukas Ley at UMN for providing the render in Figure 1. Thanks to Allan Faulkner for collecting the 137Cs and 133Ba experimental data. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved.; Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray ; Conference date: 17-07-2022 Through 22-07-2022",

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AU - Wieber, Meredith

AU - Savadogo, Mansour

AU - Nightingale, Mel

AU - Knuth, Trevor

N1 - Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge NSF grant number AGS1841006 for funding. We would also like to acknowledge further support for the UMN SmallSat Research Laboratory from the Minnesota Space Grant Consortium, the NASA CubeSat Launch Initiative, and the University Nanosatellite Program. Thanks to Lukas Ley at UMN for providing the render in Figure 1. Thanks to Allan Faulkner for collecting the 137Cs and 133Ba experimental data. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 SPIE. All rights reserved.

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N2 - Solar flares are some of the most energetic events in the solar system and can be studied to investigate the physics of plasmas and stellar processes. One interesting aspect of solar flares is the presence of accelerated (nonthermal) particles, whose signatures appear in solar flare hard X-ray emissions. Debate has been ongoing since the early days of the space age as to how these particles are accelerated, and one way to probe relevant acceleration mechanisms is by investigating short-timescale (tens of milliseconds) variations in solar flare hard X-ray flux. The Impulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) CubeSat mission aims to measure these fast hard X-ray variations. In order to produce the best possible science data from this mission, we characterize the IMPRESS scintillator detectors using Geant4 Monte Carlo models. We show that the Geant4 Monte Carlo detector model is consistent with an analytical model. We find that Geant4 simulations of X-ray and optical interactions explain observed features in experimental data, but do not completely account for our measured energy resolution. We further show that nonuniform light collection leads to double-peak behavior at the 662 keV 137Cs photopeak and can be corrected in Geant4 models and likely in the lab.

AB - Solar flares are some of the most energetic events in the solar system and can be studied to investigate the physics of plasmas and stellar processes. One interesting aspect of solar flares is the presence of accelerated (nonthermal) particles, whose signatures appear in solar flare hard X-ray emissions. Debate has been ongoing since the early days of the space age as to how these particles are accelerated, and one way to probe relevant acceleration mechanisms is by investigating short-timescale (tens of milliseconds) variations in solar flare hard X-ray flux. The Impulsive Phase Rapid Energetic Solar Spectrometer (IMPRESS) CubeSat mission aims to measure these fast hard X-ray variations. In order to produce the best possible science data from this mission, we characterize the IMPRESS scintillator detectors using Geant4 Monte Carlo models. We show that the Geant4 Monte Carlo detector model is consistent with an analytical model. We find that Geant4 simulations of X-ray and optical interactions explain observed features in experimental data, but do not completely account for our measured energy resolution. We further show that nonuniform light collection leads to double-peak behavior at the 662 keV 137Cs photopeak and can be corrected in Geant4 models and likely in the lab.

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T2 - Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

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Geant4 Modeling of a Cerium Bromide Scintillator Detector for the IMPRESS CubeSat Mission

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access

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