Graphene base heterojunction transistor: An explorative study on device potential, optimization, and base parasitics

The Graphene-Base Heterojunction Transistor (GBHT) is a novel device concept with a high potential for analog high-frequency RF operation, in which the current is due to both thermionic emission and tunneling. In this paper we study through numerical simulations the influence of previously uninvestigated aspects of Si- and Ge-based GBHTs - namely, crystallographic orientation and doping density values - on the device performance; a comparison with an aggressively scaled HBT structure is then reported. The simulations are carried out with an in-house developed code based on a 1-D quantum transport model within the effective mass approximation and the assumptions of ballistic transport with non-parabolic corrections and ideal semiconductor-graphene interface. We show that crystallographic orientation has a negligible effect on the GBHT performance. The doping density values in the GBHT emitter and collector regions can be tailored to maximize the device performance: the Si device shows better overall performance than the Ge one, yielding a peak cut-off frequency f_T higher than 4 THz together with an intrinsic voltage gain above 10, or even higher f_T at the cost of a lower gain. The Si-based GBHT can potentially outperform the SiGe HBT by a 2.8 higher f_T. For a Si-based GBHT with a circular active region of diameter 50-100 nm, a theoretical balanced value for f_T and f_max above 2 THz can be achieved, provided the base parasitics are carefully minimized.