Hematopoietic cell transplant for CML

Treatment for CML, and specifically the use of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), has changed dramatically since the entry of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) into clinical practice. While HCT remains the only curative therapy, the availability of numerous oral TKIs has moved transplant later in the treatment paradigm given an overall improved side effect profile and diminished morbidity. However, despite an improved side effect/risk profile, long-term follow-up with TKIs suggests that treatment dropout occurs due to resistance or intolerance and thus the role of transplant is still important. Our chapter reviews the history of HCT for CML, the current outcomes in the TKI era, and outlines a paradigm for timing of transplant.