TY - JOUR
T1 - Hidradenitis suppurativa
T2 - A comprehensive review
AU - Alikhan, Ali
AU - Lynch, Peter J.
AU - Eisen, Daniel B.
PY - 2009/4
Y1 - 2009/4
N2 - Hidradenitis suppurativa, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic, often debilitating disease primarily affecting the axillae, perineum, and inframammary regions. Prevalence rates of up to 4% have been estimated. Our understanding of the disease has changed over time. It is now considered a disease of follicular occlusion rather than an inflammatory or infectious process of the apocrine glands. Clinically, the disease often presents with tender subcutaneous nodules beginning around puberty. The nodules may spontaneously rupture or coalesce, forming painful, deep dermal abscesses. Eventually, fibrosis and the formation of extensive sinus tracts may result. The location of the lesions may lead to social embarrassment and the failure to seek medical treatment. Therapies in the past have consisted of long-term antibiotics, antiandrogens, and surgery. New treatments like tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitors have given clinicians more options against this difficult disease. Learning objectives: After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to describe the clinical presentation, demographics, and prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa, be familiar with current controversies regarding the pathogenesis of this complex, and be able to discuss potential treatments and their outcomes.
AB - Hidradenitis suppurativa, also known as acne inversa, is a chronic, often debilitating disease primarily affecting the axillae, perineum, and inframammary regions. Prevalence rates of up to 4% have been estimated. Our understanding of the disease has changed over time. It is now considered a disease of follicular occlusion rather than an inflammatory or infectious process of the apocrine glands. Clinically, the disease often presents with tender subcutaneous nodules beginning around puberty. The nodules may spontaneously rupture or coalesce, forming painful, deep dermal abscesses. Eventually, fibrosis and the formation of extensive sinus tracts may result. The location of the lesions may lead to social embarrassment and the failure to seek medical treatment. Therapies in the past have consisted of long-term antibiotics, antiandrogens, and surgery. New treatments like tumor necrosis factor-alfa inhibitors have given clinicians more options against this difficult disease. Learning objectives: After completing this learning activity, participants should be able to describe the clinical presentation, demographics, and prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa, be familiar with current controversies regarding the pathogenesis of this complex, and be able to discuss potential treatments and their outcomes.
KW - Verneuil disease
KW - acne inversa
KW - etanercept
KW - hidradenitis suppurativa
KW - infliximab
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=61849173997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=61849173997&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.911
DO - 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.911
M3 - Review article
C2 - 19293006
AN - SCOPUS:61849173997
SN - 0190-9622
VL - 60
SP - 539
EP - 561
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
IS - 4
ER -