Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022

Elizabeth J. Elsmo; Arno Wünschmann; Kimberlee B. Beckmen; Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger; Elizabeth L. Buckles; Jayne Ellis; Scott D. Fitzgerald; Robert Gerlach; Shawna Hawkins; Hon S. Ip; Julia S. Lankton; Erin M. Lemley; Julianna B. Lenoch; Mary L. Killian; Kristina Lantz; Lindsey Long; Roger Maes; Marta Mainenti; Julie Melotti; Megan E. Moriarty; Shotaro Nakagun; Rachel M. Ruden; Valerie Shearn-Bochsler; Danielle Thompson; Mia K. Torchetti; Arnaud J. Van Wettere; Annabel G. Wise; Ailam L. Lim

doi:10.3201/eid2912.230464

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022

Elizabeth J. Elsmo, Arno Wünschmann, Kimberlee B. Beckmen, Liam E. Broughton-Neiswanger, Elizabeth L. Buckles, Jayne Ellis, Scott D. Fitzgerald, Robert Gerlach, Shawna Hawkins, Hon S. Ip, Julia S. Lankton, Erin M. Lemley, Julianna B. Lenoch, Mary L. Killian, Kristina Lantz, Lindsey Long, Roger Maes, Marta Mainenti, Julie Melotti, Megan E. MoriartyShotaro Nakagun, Rachel M. Ruden, Valerie Shearn-Bochsler, Danielle Thompson, Mia K. Torchetti, Arnaud J. Van Wettere, Annabel G. Wise, Ailam L. Lim

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Abstract

We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencepha-litis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2451-2460
Number of pages	10
Journal	Emerging infectious diseases
Volume	29
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2912.230464
State	Published - 2023
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.

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Elsmo, E. J., Wünschmann, A., Beckmen, K. B., Broughton-Neiswanger, L. E., Buckles, E. L., Ellis, J., Fitzgerald, S. D., Gerlach, R., Hawkins, S., Ip, H. S., Lankton, J. S., Lemley, E. M., Lenoch, J. B., Killian, M. L., Lantz, K., Long, L., Maes, R., Mainenti, M., Melotti, J., ... Lim, A. L. (2023). Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022. Emerging infectious diseases, 29(12), 2451-2460. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2912.230464

Elsmo, EJ, Wünschmann, A, Beckmen, KB, Broughton-Neiswanger, LE, Buckles, EL, Ellis, J, Fitzgerald, SD, Gerlach, R, Hawkins, S, Ip, HS, Lankton, JS, Lemley, EM, Lenoch, JB, Killian, ML, Lantz, K, Long, L, Maes, R, Mainenti, M, Melotti, J, Moriarty, ME, Nakagun, S, Ruden, RM, Shearn-Bochsler, V, Thompson, D, Torchetti, MK, Van Wettere, AJ, Wise, AG & Lim, AL 2023, 'Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022', Emerging infectious diseases, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 2451-2460. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2912.230464

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abstract = "We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencepha-litis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.",

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022

Abstract

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