Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities

Michael E. Berkowitz; Brian S.Y. Kim; Guangxin Ni; Alexander S. McLeod; Chiu Fan Bowen Lo; Zhiyuan Sun; Genda Gu; Kenji Watanabe; Takashi Taniguchi; Andrew J. Millis; James C. Hone; Michael M. Fogler; Richard D. Averitt; D. N. Basov

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03684

Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities

Michael E. Berkowitz, Brian S.Y. Kim, Guangxin Ni, Alexander S. McLeod, Chiu Fan Bowen Lo, Zhiyuan Sun, Genda Gu, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Andrew J. Millis, James C. Hone, Michael M. Fogler, Richard D. Averitt, D. N. Basov

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Abstract

Hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons (HCP) in cuprate superconductors are of fundamental interest due to their potential for providing insights into the nature of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we critically assess an experimental approach using near-field imaging to probe HCP in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) in the presence of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Our simulations show that inherently weak HCP features in the near-field can be strongly enhanced when coupled to graphene SPP in layered graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/Bi-2212 heterostructures. This enhancement arises from our multilayered structures effectively acting as plasmonic cavities capable of altering collective modes of a layered superconductor by modifying its electromagnetic environment. The degree of enhancement can be selectively controlled by tuning the insulating spacer thickness with atomic precision. Finally, we verify the expected renormalization of room-temperature graphene SPP using near-field infrared imaging. Our modeling, augmented with data, attests to the validity of our approach for probing HCP modes in cuprate superconductors.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	308-316
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nano letters
Volume	21
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03684
State	Published - Jan 13 2021
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research on hybrid heterostructures was supported by the Center on Precision-Assembled Quantum Materials, funded through the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (award no. DMR-2011738). D.N.B. is Moore Investigator in Quantum Materials EPIQS #9455 and the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow ONR-VB: N00014-19-1-2630. M.M.F. acknowledges support from ONR-N000141812722. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan, Grant JPMXP0112101001, JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP20H00354, and the CREST(JPMJCR15F3), JST. The work at BNL was supported by the US Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract no. DOE-sc0012704. R.D.A. acknowledges support from ARO Award No. W911NF-16-1-0361.

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Keywords

Cuprate superconductors
graphene
hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons
plasmonic cavities
scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy
van der Waals heterostructures

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title = "Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities",

abstract = "Hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons (HCP) in cuprate superconductors are of fundamental interest due to their potential for providing insights into the nature of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we critically assess an experimental approach using near-field imaging to probe HCP in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) in the presence of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Our simulations show that inherently weak HCP features in the near-field can be strongly enhanced when coupled to graphene SPP in layered graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/Bi-2212 heterostructures. This enhancement arises from our multilayered structures effectively acting as plasmonic cavities capable of altering collective modes of a layered superconductor by modifying its electromagnetic environment. The degree of enhancement can be selectively controlled by tuning the insulating spacer thickness with atomic precision. Finally, we verify the expected renormalization of room-temperature graphene SPP using near-field infrared imaging. Our modeling, augmented with data, attests to the validity of our approach for probing HCP modes in cuprate superconductors. ",

keywords = "Cuprate superconductors, graphene, hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons, plasmonic cavities, scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy, van der Waals heterostructures",

author = "Berkowitz, {Michael E.} and Kim, {Brian S.Y.} and Guangxin Ni and McLeod, {Alexander S.} and Lo, {Chiu Fan Bowen} and Zhiyuan Sun and Genda Gu and Kenji Watanabe and Takashi Taniguchi and Millis, {Andrew J.} and Hone, {James C.} and Fogler, {Michael M.} and Averitt, {Richard D.} and Basov, {D. N.}",

note = "Funding Information: Research on hybrid heterostructures was supported by the Center on Precision-Assembled Quantum Materials, funded through the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (award no. DMR-2011738). D.N.B. is Moore Investigator in Quantum Materials EPIQS #9455 and the Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellow ONR-VB: N00014-19-1-2630. M.M.F. acknowledges support from ONR-N000141812722. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan, Grant JPMXP0112101001, JSPS KAKENHI Grant JP20H00354, and the CREST(JPMJCR15F3), JST. The work at BNL was supported by the US Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, contract no. DOE-sc0012704. R.D.A. acknowledges support from ARO Award No. W911NF-16-1-0361. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} ",

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AU - Berkowitz, Michael E.

AU - Kim, Brian S.Y.

AU - Ni, Guangxin

AU - McLeod, Alexander S.

AU - Lo, Chiu Fan Bowen

AU - Sun, Zhiyuan

AU - Gu, Genda

AU - Watanabe, Kenji

AU - Taniguchi, Takashi

AU - Millis, Andrew J.

AU - Hone, James C.

AU - Fogler, Michael M.

AU - Averitt, Richard D.

AU - Basov, D. N.

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N2 - Hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons (HCP) in cuprate superconductors are of fundamental interest due to their potential for providing insights into the nature of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we critically assess an experimental approach using near-field imaging to probe HCP in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) in the presence of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Our simulations show that inherently weak HCP features in the near-field can be strongly enhanced when coupled to graphene SPP in layered graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/Bi-2212 heterostructures. This enhancement arises from our multilayered structures effectively acting as plasmonic cavities capable of altering collective modes of a layered superconductor by modifying its electromagnetic environment. The degree of enhancement can be selectively controlled by tuning the insulating spacer thickness with atomic precision. Finally, we verify the expected renormalization of room-temperature graphene SPP using near-field infrared imaging. Our modeling, augmented with data, attests to the validity of our approach for probing HCP modes in cuprate superconductors.

AB - Hyperbolic Cooper-pair polaritons (HCP) in cuprate superconductors are of fundamental interest due to their potential for providing insights into the nature of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we critically assess an experimental approach using near-field imaging to probe HCP in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) in the presence of graphene surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Our simulations show that inherently weak HCP features in the near-field can be strongly enhanced when coupled to graphene SPP in layered graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/Bi-2212 heterostructures. This enhancement arises from our multilayered structures effectively acting as plasmonic cavities capable of altering collective modes of a layered superconductor by modifying its electromagnetic environment. The degree of enhancement can be selectively controlled by tuning the insulating spacer thickness with atomic precision. Finally, we verify the expected renormalization of room-temperature graphene SPP using near-field infrared imaging. Our modeling, augmented with data, attests to the validity of our approach for probing HCP modes in cuprate superconductors.

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KW - scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy

KW - van der Waals heterostructures

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Hyperbolic Cooper-Pair Polaritons in Planar Graphene/Cuprate Plasmonic Cavities

Abstract

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