Identification of unknown apple (Malus × domestica) cultivars demonstrates the impact of local breeding program on cultivar diversity

Briana L. Gross; Marshall J. Wedger; Marlyn Martinez; Gayle M. Volk; Cindy Hale

doi:10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6

Identification of unknown apple (Malus × domestica) cultivars demonstrates the impact of local breeding program on cultivar diversity

Briana L. Gross, Marshall J. Wedger, Marlyn Martinez, Gayle M. Volk, Cindy Hale

Biology (Duluth)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees, either abandoned or cared for, are common on the North American landscape. These trees can live for decades, and therefore represent a record of large- and small-scale agricultural practices through time. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and identity of 330 unknown apple trees in northern Minnesota with 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The unknown (not identified by cultivar name) trees were compared to > 1000 named cultivars in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit Malus collection and also to each other to identify repeated genotypes. Overall, the 330 unknown trees had high diversity (average H_e = 0.75), and consisted of 264 unique genotypes. A total of 76 of the unknown trees were matched to 20 different named cultivars, and these cultivars were mainly derived from either the local breeding program at the University of Minnesota, or were Russian cultivars imported for horticulture in the northern US. This study demonstrates the importance of local breeding programs, and also the challenges associated with identifying clones in a genetically diverse crop like apple.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1317-1327
Number of pages	11
Journal	Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
Volume	65
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6
State	Published - Jun 1 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Acknowledgements We thank the Gross, Strasburg, and Olsen Lab members and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this manuscript, and the UMD and City of Duluth Farmer’s Markets for their support in collecting samples for this project. This work was supported by a Minnesota Department of Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Grant (to CH), a UMD Strategic Initiative Grant (to BLG and CH), the UMN Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (to MJW), and the UMN Pathways to Advanced Degrees in Life Sciences Program (fellowship awarded to MM, funded by NIH/NIGMS GM086669 to Benjamin Clarke).

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.

Keywords

Clonal identification
Malus × domestica
Minnesota
Perennial crop
SSR

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access

10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6

OpenUrl availability

Full text

Cite this

@article{2fe7d0b1c7db4f14b26ccc4f990ef677,

title = "Identification of unknown apple (Malus × domestica) cultivars demonstrates the impact of local breeding program on cultivar diversity",

abstract = "Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees, either abandoned or cared for, are common on the North American landscape. These trees can live for decades, and therefore represent a record of large- and small-scale agricultural practices through time. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and identity of 330 unknown apple trees in northern Minnesota with 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The unknown (not identified by cultivar name) trees were compared to > 1000 named cultivars in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit Malus collection and also to each other to identify repeated genotypes. Overall, the 330 unknown trees had high diversity (average He = 0.75), and consisted of 264 unique genotypes. A total of 76 of the unknown trees were matched to 20 different named cultivars, and these cultivars were mainly derived from either the local breeding program at the University of Minnesota, or were Russian cultivars imported for horticulture in the northern US. This study demonstrates the importance of local breeding programs, and also the challenges associated with identifying clones in a genetically diverse crop like apple.",

keywords = "Clonal identification, Malus × domestica, Minnesota, Perennial crop, SSR",

author = "Gross, {Briana L.} and Wedger, {Marshall J.} and Marlyn Martinez and Volk, {Gayle M.} and Cindy Hale",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank the Gross, Strasburg, and Olsen Lab members and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this manuscript, and the UMD and City of Duluth Farmer{\textquoteright}s Markets for their support in collecting samples for this project. This work was supported by a Minnesota Department of Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Grant (to CH), a UMD Strategic Initiative Grant (to BLG and CH), the UMN Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (to MJW), and the UMN Pathways to Advanced Degrees in Life Sciences Program (fellowship awarded to MM, funded by NIH/NIGMS GM086669 to Benjamin Clarke). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "65",

pages = "1317--1327",

journal = "Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution",

issn = "0925-9864",

publisher = "Springer Netherlands",

number = "5",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Identification of unknown apple (Malus × domestica) cultivars demonstrates the impact of local breeding program on cultivar diversity

AU - Gross, Briana L.

AU - Wedger, Marshall J.

AU - Martinez, Marlyn

AU - Volk, Gayle M.

AU - Hale, Cindy

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements We thank the Gross, Strasburg, and Olsen Lab members and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on this manuscript, and the UMD and City of Duluth Farmer’s Markets for their support in collecting samples for this project. This work was supported by a Minnesota Department of Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Demonstration Grant (to CH), a UMD Strategic Initiative Grant (to BLG and CH), the UMN Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (to MJW), and the UMN Pathways to Advanced Degrees in Life Sciences Program (fellowship awarded to MM, funded by NIH/NIGMS GM086669 to Benjamin Clarke). Publisher Copyright: © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature.

PY - 2018/6/1

Y1 - 2018/6/1

N2 - Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees, either abandoned or cared for, are common on the North American landscape. These trees can live for decades, and therefore represent a record of large- and small-scale agricultural practices through time. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and identity of 330 unknown apple trees in northern Minnesota with 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The unknown (not identified by cultivar name) trees were compared to > 1000 named cultivars in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit Malus collection and also to each other to identify repeated genotypes. Overall, the 330 unknown trees had high diversity (average He = 0.75), and consisted of 264 unique genotypes. A total of 76 of the unknown trees were matched to 20 different named cultivars, and these cultivars were mainly derived from either the local breeding program at the University of Minnesota, or were Russian cultivars imported for horticulture in the northern US. This study demonstrates the importance of local breeding programs, and also the challenges associated with identifying clones in a genetically diverse crop like apple.

AB - Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) trees, either abandoned or cared for, are common on the North American landscape. These trees can live for decades, and therefore represent a record of large- and small-scale agricultural practices through time. Here, we assessed the genetic diversity and identity of 330 unknown apple trees in northern Minnesota with 9 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The unknown (not identified by cultivar name) trees were compared to > 1000 named cultivars in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Genetic Resources Unit Malus collection and also to each other to identify repeated genotypes. Overall, the 330 unknown trees had high diversity (average He = 0.75), and consisted of 264 unique genotypes. A total of 76 of the unknown trees were matched to 20 different named cultivars, and these cultivars were mainly derived from either the local breeding program at the University of Minnesota, or were Russian cultivars imported for horticulture in the northern US. This study demonstrates the importance of local breeding programs, and also the challenges associated with identifying clones in a genetically diverse crop like apple.

KW - Clonal identification

KW - Malus × domestica

KW - Minnesota

KW - Perennial crop

KW - SSR

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85044451300&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85044451300&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6

DO - 10.1007/s10722-018-0625-6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85044451300

SN - 0925-9864

VL - 65

SP - 1317

EP - 1327

JO - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

JF - Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

IS - 5

ER -

Identification of unknown apple (Malus × domestica) cultivars demonstrates the impact of local breeding program on cultivar diversity

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access

OpenUrl availability

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this