Abstract
For nearly 50 years, immunotherapy has been used in patients with bladder cancer in the form of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), which is still the first-line therapy for non-muscle invasive disease. However, the remarkable results obtained with checkpoint inhibitor drugs, including Pembrolizumab and Atezolizumab, have fueled the quest to optimize these and other forms of immunotherapy for both non-muscle invasive as well as advanced bladder cancer. In this review we summarize the current state of the rapidly evolving field of immunotherapy in bladder cancer highlighting novel approaches and ongoing trials in this exciting area of research.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2226-2251 |
Number of pages | 26 |
Journal | Immunological Investigations |
Volume | 51 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Keywords
- BCG
- bladder cancer
- checkpoint inhibitors
- immune targeted therapy
- immunotherapy
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Review
- Journal Article