International adoption: A review and update

Decades of clinical observation and research studies with internationally adopted children have created lessons that can apply to a broader population of vulnerable children. Comprehensive physical and mental health evaluations, developmental assessment, and intervention are indicated for every IA. Interventions as indicated based on these assessments ideally address immediate and long-term needs in a timely manner. A definitive diagnosis of developmental/mental health disorders should be reserved until the child has had adequate time to learn a new language, form secure attachments, have an optimized home and school environment, and interventions as indicated. Ongoing support for the child and family through each developmental stage is both our responsibility and our joy as pediatricians.