TY - JOUR
T1 - New investigation of the cyst–motile relationship for Votadinium spinosum reveals a Protoperidinium claudicans species complex (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales)
AU - Mertens, Kenneth Neil
AU - Meyvisch, Pjotr
AU - Gurdebeke, Pieter
AU - Pospelova, Vera
AU - Matsuoka, Kazumi
AU - Bilien, Gwenael
AU - Gu, Haifeng
AU - Yamaguchi, Aika
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 AASP–The Palynological Society.
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Protoperidinium claudicans is a planktonic, heterotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate species commonly found in neritic waters. It has long been considered to display phenotypic variation in its second anterior intercalary plate, which could vary between quadra, penta and hexa. The equivalent spinose, cordate cyst goes under the name of Votadinium spinosum. Here we perform incubation experiments with cysts from France, Canada, China and Japan, which demonstrate that P. claudicans forms a species complex, with at least two ribotypes with a penta configuration (P. claudicans) and one with a quadra configuration (P. carriae sp. nov.). A fossil-based cyst, V. multispinosum sp. nov., is described as the equivalent of P. carriae. Molecular phylogenetics using large subunit ribosomal DNA supports these observations. The cyst–theca relationships for Votadinium psilodora and another, undescribed, cordate, spineless Votadinium species are also reported from China. Macromolecular analyses of the cyst wall of V. multispinosum reveal it is comprised of a protein-rich carbohydrate compound. We show that this compound is not uncommon in dinoflagellate and ciliate cysts and that it is unlikely to preserve very well upon sedimentation and burial.
AB - Protoperidinium claudicans is a planktonic, heterotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate species commonly found in neritic waters. It has long been considered to display phenotypic variation in its second anterior intercalary plate, which could vary between quadra, penta and hexa. The equivalent spinose, cordate cyst goes under the name of Votadinium spinosum. Here we perform incubation experiments with cysts from France, Canada, China and Japan, which demonstrate that P. claudicans forms a species complex, with at least two ribotypes with a penta configuration (P. claudicans) and one with a quadra configuration (P. carriae sp. nov.). A fossil-based cyst, V. multispinosum sp. nov., is described as the equivalent of P. carriae. Molecular phylogenetics using large subunit ribosomal DNA supports these observations. The cyst–theca relationships for Votadinium psilodora and another, undescribed, cordate, spineless Votadinium species are also reported from China. Macromolecular analyses of the cyst wall of V. multispinosum reveal it is comprised of a protein-rich carbohydrate compound. We show that this compound is not uncommon in dinoflagellate and ciliate cysts and that it is unlikely to preserve very well upon sedimentation and burial.
KW - cordate
KW - cysts
KW - dinoflagellate
KW - heterotrophic
KW - LSU rDNA
KW - molecular phylogenetics
KW - Protoperidinium carriae
KW - species complex
KW - spinose
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U2 - 10.1080/01916122.2024.2303170
DO - 10.1080/01916122.2024.2303170
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85187875916
SN - 0191-6122
JO - Palynology
JF - Palynology
M1 - 2303170
ER -