NH4        + induces antioxidant cellular machinery and provides resistance to salt stress in citrus plants

Emma Fernández-Crespo; Rocío Gómez-Pastor; Loredana Scalschi; Eugenio Llorens; Gemma Camañes; Pilar García-Agustín

doi:10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y

NH₄ ⁺ induces antioxidant cellular machinery and provides resistance to salt stress in citrus plants

Emma Fernández-Crespo, Rocío Gómez-Pastor, Loredana Scalschi, Eugenio Llorens, Gemma Camañes, Pilar García-Agustín

Neuroscience

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

20 Scopus citations

Abstract

Key message: NH₄ ⁺acts as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery and provide resistance to salinity.

Abstract: NH₄ ⁺ nutrition in Carrizocitrange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L) plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. NH₄ ⁺ treatment triggers mild chronic stress that primes plant defence responses by stress imprinting and confers protection against subsequent salt stress. In this work, we studied the influence of NH₄ ⁺ nutrition on antioxidant enzymatic activities and metabolites involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to clarify their involvement in NH₄ ⁺-mediated salt resistance. Our results showed that NH₄ ⁺ nutrition induces in citrus plants high levels of H₂O₂, strongly inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and leads to higher content of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) than in control plants in the absence of salt, thus providing evidence to confirm mild stress induced by NH₄ ⁺ nutrition. However, upon salinity, plants grown with NH₄ ⁺ (N-NH₄ ⁺ plants) showed a reduction of H₂O₂ levels in parallel to an increase of catalase (CAT), SOD, and GR activities compared with the control plants. Moreover, N-NH₄ ⁺ plants were able to keep high levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) upon salinity and were able to induce glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidise (PHGPx) mRNA accumulation. Based on this evidence, we confirm that sublethal concentrations of NH₄ ⁺ might act as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery that can provide resistance to subsequent salt stress.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1693-1704
Number of pages	12
Journal	Trees - Structure and Function
Volume	28
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y
State	Published - Dec 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by Prometeo 2012/066. Loredana Scalschi is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación (Grant AP2008-01064). Eugenio Llorens is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from Pla de promoció de la investigació de la Universitat Jaume I (Ajudes predoctorals ref 2009/24). We thank Emilia Matallana (UV) for her corrections and suggestions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Keywords

Ammonium nutrition
Citrus
ROS and SIMR
Salinity

Access

10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y

OpenUrl availability

Full text

Cite this

@article{12c9c5ad82524d84816e684be39a5a7a,

title = "NH4 + induces antioxidant cellular machinery and provides resistance to salt stress in citrus plants",

abstract = "Key message: NH4 +acts as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery and provide resistance to salinity.Abstract: NH4 + nutrition in Carrizocitrange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L) plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. NH4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress that primes plant defence responses by stress imprinting and confers protection against subsequent salt stress. In this work, we studied the influence of NH4 + nutrition on antioxidant enzymatic activities and metabolites involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to clarify their involvement in NH4 +-mediated salt resistance. Our results showed that NH4 + nutrition induces in citrus plants high levels of H2O2, strongly inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and leads to higher content of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) than in control plants in the absence of salt, thus providing evidence to confirm mild stress induced by NH4 + nutrition. However, upon salinity, plants grown with NH4 + (N-NH4 + plants) showed a reduction of H2O2 levels in parallel to an increase of catalase (CAT), SOD, and GR activities compared with the control plants. Moreover, N-NH4 + plants were able to keep high levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) upon salinity and were able to induce glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidise (PHGPx) mRNA accumulation. Based on this evidence, we confirm that sublethal concentrations of NH4 + might act as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery that can provide resistance to subsequent salt stress.",

keywords = "Ammonium nutrition, Citrus, ROS and SIMR, Salinity",

author = "Emma Fern{\'a}ndez-Crespo and Roc{\'i}o G{\'o}mez-Pastor and Loredana Scalschi and Eugenio Llorens and Gemma Cama{\~n}es and Pilar Garc{\'i}a-Agust{\'i}n",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Prometeo 2012/066. Loredana Scalschi is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Educaci{\'o}n (Grant AP2008-01064). Eugenio Llorens is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from Pla de promoci{\'o} de la investigaci{\'o} de la Universitat Jaume I (Ajudes predoctorals ref 2009/24). We thank Emilia Matallana (UV) for her corrections and suggestions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",

year = "2014",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

pages = "1693--1704",

journal = "Trees - Structure and Function",

issn = "0931-1890",

publisher = "Springer Verlag",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - NH4 + induces antioxidant cellular machinery and provides resistance to salt stress in citrus plants

AU - Fernández-Crespo, Emma

AU - Gómez-Pastor, Rocío

AU - Scalschi, Loredana

AU - Llorens, Eugenio

AU - Camañes, Gemma

AU - García-Agustín, Pilar

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Prometeo 2012/066. Loredana Scalschi is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the Ministerio de Educación (Grant AP2008-01064). Eugenio Llorens is the recipient of a PhD fellowship from Pla de promoció de la investigació de la Universitat Jaume I (Ajudes predoctorals ref 2009/24). We thank Emilia Matallana (UV) for her corrections and suggestions. Publisher Copyright: © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

PY - 2014/12

Y1 - 2014/12

N2 - Key message: NH4 +acts as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery and provide resistance to salinity.Abstract: NH4 + nutrition in Carrizocitrange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L) plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. NH4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress that primes plant defence responses by stress imprinting and confers protection against subsequent salt stress. In this work, we studied the influence of NH4 + nutrition on antioxidant enzymatic activities and metabolites involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to clarify their involvement in NH4 +-mediated salt resistance. Our results showed that NH4 + nutrition induces in citrus plants high levels of H2O2, strongly inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and leads to higher content of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) than in control plants in the absence of salt, thus providing evidence to confirm mild stress induced by NH4 + nutrition. However, upon salinity, plants grown with NH4 + (N-NH4 + plants) showed a reduction of H2O2 levels in parallel to an increase of catalase (CAT), SOD, and GR activities compared with the control plants. Moreover, N-NH4 + plants were able to keep high levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) upon salinity and were able to induce glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidise (PHGPx) mRNA accumulation. Based on this evidence, we confirm that sublethal concentrations of NH4 + might act as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery that can provide resistance to subsequent salt stress.

AB - Key message: NH4 +acts as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery and provide resistance to salinity.Abstract: NH4 + nutrition in Carrizocitrange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata L) plants acts as an inducer of resistance against salinity conditions. NH4 + treatment triggers mild chronic stress that primes plant defence responses by stress imprinting and confers protection against subsequent salt stress. In this work, we studied the influence of NH4 + nutrition on antioxidant enzymatic activities and metabolites involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to clarify their involvement in NH4 +-mediated salt resistance. Our results showed that NH4 + nutrition induces in citrus plants high levels of H2O2, strongly inhibits superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities, and leads to higher content of oxidised glutathione (GSSG) than in control plants in the absence of salt, thus providing evidence to confirm mild stress induced by NH4 + nutrition. However, upon salinity, plants grown with NH4 + (N-NH4 + plants) showed a reduction of H2O2 levels in parallel to an increase of catalase (CAT), SOD, and GR activities compared with the control plants. Moreover, N-NH4 + plants were able to keep high levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) upon salinity and were able to induce glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidise (PHGPx) mRNA accumulation. Based on this evidence, we confirm that sublethal concentrations of NH4 + might act as a mild oxidative stressor, which triggers antioxidant cellular machinery that can provide resistance to subsequent salt stress.

KW - Ammonium nutrition

KW - Citrus

KW - ROS and SIMR

KW - Salinity

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027925181&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85027925181&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y

DO - 10.1007/s00468-014-1078-y

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85027925181

SN - 0931-1890

VL - 28

SP - 1693

EP - 1704

JO - Trees - Structure and Function

JF - Trees - Structure and Function

IS - 6

ER -