Abstract
Abstract: Solute transport and mixing at channel-flow–porous media interfaces are strongly influenced by velocity and turbulence structures near porous media, and such coupled channel-flow–porous media systems are commonly observed in nature. However, the effects of pore-scale flows on solute transport in the coupled systems are currently unclear. In this study, we combine particle image velocimetry experiments and large eddy simulations to resolve the pore-scale flow characteristics over and within a porous bed. Then, we perform solute transport simulations by coupling the pore-scale flow fields with a particle-tracking model and show that the pore-scale flows inherent to porous media structure control solute transport. Pore-scale flow properties such as preferential downward–upward flows and vortices occurring near the channel-flow–porous media interface are shown to exert dominant control over interfacial mass exchange and solute transport. To clarify the effects of pore-scale flows on reach-scale transport, we conduct macroscale transport modeling with a spatially averaged stream-wise velocity profile. Because the profile-based model does not incorporate important pore-scale flow features, it significantly overestimates mass transfer into the porous bed, thereby exacerbating late-time tailings in breakthrough curves. Finally, a spatial Markov model, a type of upscaled stochastic transport model, is shown to effectively capture the pore-scale interfacial transport mechanisms via a velocity transition matrix. Our findings confirm that solute transport through channel-flow–porous media interfaces is controlled not only by interfacial turbulent-mixing profiles but also by detailed pore-scale flow structures. Article Highlights: We demonstrate the effects of pore-scale flows on solute transport in coupled turbulent channel-flow–porous media systemsPore structure near the interface exerts dominant control over interfacial mass exchange and solute transportSpatial Markov model effectively upscales the effects of pore-scale flows on solute transport.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 223-248 |
Number of pages | 26 |
Journal | Transport in Porous Media |
Volume | 146 |
Issue number | 1-2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Keywords
- Coupled channel-flow–porous media systems
- Pore-scale flow
- Solute transport
- Turbulent mixing
- Upscaling