TY - JOUR
T1 - PPWD-SDEP-IC monitoring system for atmospheric precursor inorganic gases and PM2.5 water-soluble ions
AU - Le, Thi Cuc
AU - Mishra, Manisha
AU - Nguyen, Thi Thuy Nghiem
AU - Pui, David Y.H.
AU - Aggarwal, Shankar G.
AU - Hsu, Chao Ting
AU - Lai, Ssu Ying
AU - Tsai, Chuen Jinn
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023
PY - 2023/5
Y1 - 2023/5
N2 - To resolve the potential evaporation loss of about 14% NH4+ in the particle into liquid sampler (PILS), a novel two-stage semi-dry electrostatic precipitator (SDEP) was developed successfully for monitoring atmospheric PM2.5 water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) with the high collection efficiency and good accuracy. The number-based collection efficiency was >95% for particle sizes ranging from 14 nm to 11 μm, and the mass-based collection efficiency for PM2.5 was also as high as 94.4–98.1%. With an efficient pulse water jet system, the SDEP had a high ion recovery rate of 93 ± 10% for Na+, 103 ± 15% for NH4+, 92 ± 5.6% for SO42−, and 96 ± 8% for NO3−, respectively. The SDEP was coupled with the parallel plate wet denuder (PPWD) and ion chromatography (IC) as the PPWD-SDEP-IC semi-automatic monitoring system for the hourly precursor gases and PM2.5 WSII concentrations. The field comparison test for three-month measurements showed that the daily average results of the PPWD-SDEP-IC had a good agreement with those of the porous-metal denuder sampler (PDS), showing the linear regression slopes of 0.99–1.05 and 0.98–1.05, respectively, for precursor gases (NH3, HONO, SO2 and HNO3) and PM2.5 WSIIs (Na+, NH4+, K+, F−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) with high R2 values of 0.92–0.99 and 0.96–0.99, respectively. Moreover, the results of the hourly concentration comparison between the PPWD-SDEP-IC and the PPWD-PILS-IC showed linear regression slopes of 0.90–0.99 and 0.84–0.97 for precursor gases and WSIIs with high R2 values of 0.93–0.96 and 0.90–0.96, respectively. The PILS showed an underestimation of NH4+ concentration by about 15.6 ± 6.3% when compared to NH4+ from the SDEP owing to the volatilization loss of NH4+ caused by the mixing of aerosols with high-temperature steam in the PILS. Thus, the current PPWD-SDEP-IC system can be a viable tool for accurate semi-continuous monitoring of precursor gases and PM2.5 WSII concentrations.
AB - To resolve the potential evaporation loss of about 14% NH4+ in the particle into liquid sampler (PILS), a novel two-stage semi-dry electrostatic precipitator (SDEP) was developed successfully for monitoring atmospheric PM2.5 water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) with the high collection efficiency and good accuracy. The number-based collection efficiency was >95% for particle sizes ranging from 14 nm to 11 μm, and the mass-based collection efficiency for PM2.5 was also as high as 94.4–98.1%. With an efficient pulse water jet system, the SDEP had a high ion recovery rate of 93 ± 10% for Na+, 103 ± 15% for NH4+, 92 ± 5.6% for SO42−, and 96 ± 8% for NO3−, respectively. The SDEP was coupled with the parallel plate wet denuder (PPWD) and ion chromatography (IC) as the PPWD-SDEP-IC semi-automatic monitoring system for the hourly precursor gases and PM2.5 WSII concentrations. The field comparison test for three-month measurements showed that the daily average results of the PPWD-SDEP-IC had a good agreement with those of the porous-metal denuder sampler (PDS), showing the linear regression slopes of 0.99–1.05 and 0.98–1.05, respectively, for precursor gases (NH3, HONO, SO2 and HNO3) and PM2.5 WSIIs (Na+, NH4+, K+, F−, Cl−, NO3− and SO42−) with high R2 values of 0.92–0.99 and 0.96–0.99, respectively. Moreover, the results of the hourly concentration comparison between the PPWD-SDEP-IC and the PPWD-PILS-IC showed linear regression slopes of 0.90–0.99 and 0.84–0.97 for precursor gases and WSIIs with high R2 values of 0.93–0.96 and 0.90–0.96, respectively. The PILS showed an underestimation of NH4+ concentration by about 15.6 ± 6.3% when compared to NH4+ from the SDEP owing to the volatilization loss of NH4+ caused by the mixing of aerosols with high-temperature steam in the PILS. Thus, the current PPWD-SDEP-IC system can be a viable tool for accurate semi-continuous monitoring of precursor gases and PM2.5 WSII concentrations.
KW - PILS
KW - Precursor gases
KW - Semi-continuous monitoring
KW - Semi-dry electrostatic precipitator (SDEP)
KW - Water-soluble inorganic ions
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106160
DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2023.106160
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85149662536
SN - 0021-8502
VL - 170
JO - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF - Journal of Aerosol Science
M1 - 106160
ER -