Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen, a rare indication for splenectomy: a case report

Introduction and importance: Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen is a rare condition with a nonspecific clinical presentation and is associated with a poor prognosis. We describe two patients with primary splenic angiosarcoma successfully treated with splenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Case presentations: Case 1: A 50-year-old female presented with fatigue and left-sided rib, shoulder, and abdominal pain. A CT scan demonstrated a large splenic mass, and biopsy was diagnostic of angiosarcoma. An open en bloc resection of the spleen was performed, and pathologic examination confirmed high-grade angiosarcoma; the surgical margins were negative. The patient received pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) and ifosfamide; she demonstrated no evidence of recurrence with four years of follow-up. Case 2: A 70-year-old male presented with acute back pain. A CT scan demonstrated a splenic mass; biopsy was diagnostic of angiosarcoma. The patient underwent open splenectomy, and pathology revealed high-grade angiosarcoma; the surgical margins were positive. The patient received PLD and ifosfamide but presented three years later with metastatic tumor to the spine. The patient had a favorable tumor response to pembrolizumab. The patient's tumor burden remains stable at 5 years following splenectomy. Clinical discussion: Angiosarcoma of the spleen is a rare clinical entity and is often challenging to diagnose early. Moratality is high, especially in the case of metastasis or spontaneous rupture. Conclusion: Due to the rare nature of this tumor, optimal treatment is not known. Here, we show excellent response in two patients to surgery combined with adjuvant therapy.