Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure

Muthiah Vaduganathan; Stephen J. Greene; Shuaiqi Zhang; Nicole Solomon; Karen Chiswell; Adam D. Devore; javed Butler; Paul A. Heidenreich; Joanna C. Huang; Michelle M. Kittleson; Karen E. Joynt Maddox; James J. Mcdermott; Anjali Tiku Owens; Pamela N. Peterson; Scott D. Solomon; Orly Vardeny; Clyde W. Yancy; Gregg C. Fonarow

doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure

Muthiah Vaduganathan, Stephen J. Greene, Shuaiqi Zhang, Nicole Solomon, Karen Chiswell, Adam D. Devore, javed Butler, Paul A. Heidenreich, Joanna C. Huang, Michelle M. Kittleson, Karen E. Joynt Maddox, James J. Mcdermott, Anjali Tiku Owens, Pamela N. Peterson, Scott D. Solomon, Orly Vardeny, Clyde W. Yancy, Gregg C. Fonarow

Medicine - Veteran's Administration Medical Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors form the latest pillar in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and appear to be effective across a range of patient profiles. There is increasing interest in initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors during hospitalization, yet little is known about the putative benefits of this implementation strategy. Methods: We evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF (≤ 40%) hospitalized at 228 sites in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry in 2016 who had linked claims data for ≥ 1 year postdischarge. We identified those eligible for dapagliflozin under the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration label (excluding estimated glomerular filtration rates < 25 mL/min per 1.73 m², dialysis and type 1 diabetes). We evaluated 1-year outcomes overall and among key subgroups (age ≥ 75 years, gender, race, hospital region, kidney function, diabetes status, triple therapy). We then projected the potential benefits of implementation of dapagliflozin based on the risk reductions observed in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Results: Among 7523 patients hospitalized for HFrEF, 6576 (87%) would be candidates for dapagliflozin (mean age 79 ± 8 years, 39% women, 11% Black). Among eligible candidates, discharge use of β-blockers, ACEi/ARB, MRA, ARNI, and triple therapy (ACEi/ARB/ARNI+β-blocker+MRA) was recorded in 88%, 64%, 29%, 3%, and 20%, respectively. Among treatment-eligible patients, the 1-year incidence (95% CI) of mortality was 37% (36-38%) and of HF readmission was 33% (32-34%), and each exceeded 25% across all key subgroups. Among 1333 beneficiaries eligible for dapagliflozin who were already on triple therapy, the 1-year incidence of mortality was 26% (24%–29%) and the 1-year readmission due to HF was 30% (27%–32%). Applying the relative risk reductions observed in DAPA-HF, absolute risk reductions with complete implementation of dapagliflozin among treatment-eligible Medicare beneficiaries are projected to be 5% (1%–9%) for mortality and 9% (5%–12%) for HF readmission by 1 year. The projected number of Medicare beneficiaries who would need to be treated for 1 year to prevent 1 death is 19 (11–114), and 12 (8–21) would need to be treated to prevent 1 readmission due to HF. Conclusions: Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF who are eligible for dapagliflozin after hospitalization due to HF, including those well-treated with other disease-modifying therapies, face high risks of mortality and HF readmission by 1 year. If the benefits of reductions in death and hospitalizations due to HF observed in clinical trials can be fully realized, the absolute benefits of implementation of SGLT-2 inhibitors among treatment-eligible candidates are anticipated to be substantial in this high-risk postdischarge setting.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	554-563
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of cardiac failure
Volume	28
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010
State	Published - Apr 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Dr. Vaduganathan has received research grant support or served on advisory boards for American Regent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Baxter Healthcare, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Relypsa, and Roche Diagnostics, has had speaker engagements with Novartis and Roche Diagnostics, and participates on clinical endpoint committees for studies sponsored by Galmed and Novartis. Dr. Greene has received research support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer; has served on advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, and Cytokinetics; and serves as a consultant for Amgen, Bayer, Merck, and Vifor. Dr. DeVore has received research funding through the Duke Clinical Research Institute from the American Heart Association, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Intra-Cellular Therapies, American Regent, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Novartis, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; serves as a consultant for AstraZeneca; receives nonfinancial support from Amgen, Bayer, CareDx, InnaMed, LivaNova, Mardil Medical, Novartis, Procyrion, scPharmaceuticals, Story Health, and Zoll; and receives nonfinancial support from Abbott for educational activities outside the submitted work. Dr. Butler serves as a consultant for Abbott, Adrenomed, Amgen, Array, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squib, CVRx, G3 Pharmaceutical, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Roche, V-Wave Limited, and Vifor. Drs. Huang and McDermott are employees of AstraZeneca. Dr. Joynt Maddox receives grants from NIH/NHLBI, NIH/National Institute on Aging, and Commonwealth Fund; previously performed US Department of Health and Human Services contract work outside of the submitted work, and serves on the Health Policy Advisory Committee for the Centene Corp (St. Louis, MO). Dr. Owens serves as a consultant for MyoKardia and Cytokinetics outside of the submitted work. Dr. Peterson receives grant funding from the NHLBI (grant R33HL143324-02) and personal fees from American Heart Association outside of the submitted work. Dr. Scott D. Solomon receives research grants from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bellerophon, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celladon, Cytokinetics, Eidos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, Lone Star Heart, Mesoblast, MyoKardia, NIH/NHLBI, Neurotronik, Novartis, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, and Theracos; and serving as a consultant for Akros, Alnylam, Amgen, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardior, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ironwood, Merck, MyoKardia, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Theracos, Quantum Genetics, Cardurion, AoBiome, Janssen, Cardiac Dimensions, Tenaya, Sanofi-Pasteur, Dinaqor, Tremeau, CellProThera, and Moderna. Dr. Vardeny receives funding from the NIH and the US Food and Drug Administration and personal fees from the American Heart Association. Dr. Yancy reports that his spouse is employed by Abbott Labs. Dr. Fonarow receives research funding from the NIH and serves as a consultant for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Edwards, Medtronic, Merck, and Novartis. All other coauthors report no disclosures relevant to this work.

Funding Information:
The Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) program is provided by the American Heart Association and sponsored, in part, by Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Diabetes Alliance, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Bayer. This analysis, as a part of the TRANSLATE-HF research series, was supported by AstraZeneca.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Inc.

Keywords

Heart failure
SGLT-2 inhibitors
hospitalization
modeling
outcomes

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

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10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

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Vaduganathan, M., Greene, S. J., Zhang, S., Solomon, N., Chiswell, K., Devore, A. D., Butler, J., Heidenreich, P. A., Huang, J. C., Kittleson, M. M., Joynt Maddox, K. E., Mcdermott, J. J., Owens, A. T., Peterson, P. N., Solomon, S. D., Vardeny, O., Yancy, C. W., & Fonarow, G. C. (2022). Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure. Journal of cardiac failure, 28(4), 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

Vaduganathan, M, Greene, SJ, Zhang, S, Solomon, N, Chiswell, K, Devore, AD, Butler, J, Heidenreich, PA, Huang, JC, Kittleson, MM, Joynt Maddox, KE, Mcdermott, JJ, Owens, AT, Peterson, PN, Solomon, SD, Vardeny, O, Yancy, CW & Fonarow, GC 2022, 'Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure', Journal of cardiac failure, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 554-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

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title = "Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure",

abstract = "Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors form the latest pillar in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and appear to be effective across a range of patient profiles. There is increasing interest in initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors during hospitalization, yet little is known about the putative benefits of this implementation strategy. Methods: We evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF (≤ 40%) hospitalized at 228 sites in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry in 2016 who had linked claims data for ≥ 1 year postdischarge. We identified those eligible for dapagliflozin under the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration label (excluding estimated glomerular filtration rates < 25 mL/min per 1.73 m2, dialysis and type 1 diabetes). We evaluated 1-year outcomes overall and among key subgroups (age ≥ 75 years, gender, race, hospital region, kidney function, diabetes status, triple therapy). We then projected the potential benefits of implementation of dapagliflozin based on the risk reductions observed in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Results: Among 7523 patients hospitalized for HFrEF, 6576 (87%) would be candidates for dapagliflozin (mean age 79 ± 8 years, 39% women, 11% Black). Among eligible candidates, discharge use of β-blockers, ACEi/ARB, MRA, ARNI, and triple therapy (ACEi/ARB/ARNI+β-blocker+MRA) was recorded in 88%, 64%, 29%, 3%, and 20%, respectively. Among treatment-eligible patients, the 1-year incidence (95% CI) of mortality was 37% (36-38%) and of HF readmission was 33% (32-34%), and each exceeded 25% across all key subgroups. Among 1333 beneficiaries eligible for dapagliflozin who were already on triple therapy, the 1-year incidence of mortality was 26% (24%–29%) and the 1-year readmission due to HF was 30% (27%–32%). Applying the relative risk reductions observed in DAPA-HF, absolute risk reductions with complete implementation of dapagliflozin among treatment-eligible Medicare beneficiaries are projected to be 5% (1%–9%) for mortality and 9% (5%–12%) for HF readmission by 1 year. The projected number of Medicare beneficiaries who would need to be treated for 1 year to prevent 1 death is 19 (11–114), and 12 (8–21) would need to be treated to prevent 1 readmission due to HF. Conclusions: Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF who are eligible for dapagliflozin after hospitalization due to HF, including those well-treated with other disease-modifying therapies, face high risks of mortality and HF readmission by 1 year. If the benefits of reductions in death and hospitalizations due to HF observed in clinical trials can be fully realized, the absolute benefits of implementation of SGLT-2 inhibitors among treatment-eligible candidates are anticipated to be substantial in this high-risk postdischarge setting.",

keywords = "Heart failure, SGLT-2 inhibitors, hospitalization, modeling, outcomes",

author = "Muthiah Vaduganathan and Greene, {Stephen J.} and Shuaiqi Zhang and Nicole Solomon and Karen Chiswell and Devore, {Adam D.} and javed Butler and Heidenreich, {Paul A.} and Huang, {Joanna C.} and Kittleson, {Michelle M.} and {Joynt Maddox}, {Karen E.} and Mcdermott, {James J.} and Owens, {Anjali Tiku} and Peterson, {Pamela N.} and Solomon, {Scott D.} and Orly Vardeny and Yancy, {Clyde W.} and Fonarow, {Gregg C.}",

note = "Funding Information: Dr. Vaduganathan has received research grant support or served on advisory boards for American Regent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Baxter Healthcare, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Relypsa, and Roche Diagnostics, has had speaker engagements with Novartis and Roche Diagnostics, and participates on clinical endpoint committees for studies sponsored by Galmed and Novartis. Dr. Greene has received research support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer; has served on advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, and Cytokinetics; and serves as a consultant for Amgen, Bayer, Merck, and Vifor. Dr. DeVore has received research funding through the Duke Clinical Research Institute from the American Heart Association, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Intra-Cellular Therapies, American Regent, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Novartis, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; serves as a consultant for AstraZeneca; receives nonfinancial support from Amgen, Bayer, CareDx, InnaMed, LivaNova, Mardil Medical, Novartis, Procyrion, scPharmaceuticals, Story Health, and Zoll; and receives nonfinancial support from Abbott for educational activities outside the submitted work. Dr. Butler serves as a consultant for Abbott, Adrenomed, Amgen, Array, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squib, CVRx, G3 Pharmaceutical, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Roche, V-Wave Limited, and Vifor. Drs. Huang and McDermott are employees of AstraZeneca. Dr. Joynt Maddox receives grants from NIH/NHLBI, NIH/National Institute on Aging, and Commonwealth Fund; previously performed US Department of Health and Human Services contract work outside of the submitted work, and serves on the Health Policy Advisory Committee for the Centene Corp (St. Louis, MO). Dr. Owens serves as a consultant for MyoKardia and Cytokinetics outside of the submitted work. Dr. Peterson receives grant funding from the NHLBI (grant R33HL143324-02) and personal fees from American Heart Association outside of the submitted work. Dr. Scott D. Solomon receives research grants from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bellerophon, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celladon, Cytokinetics, Eidos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, Lone Star Heart, Mesoblast, MyoKardia, NIH/NHLBI, Neurotronik, Novartis, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, and Theracos; and serving as a consultant for Akros, Alnylam, Amgen, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardior, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ironwood, Merck, MyoKardia, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Theracos, Quantum Genetics, Cardurion, AoBiome, Janssen, Cardiac Dimensions, Tenaya, Sanofi-Pasteur, Dinaqor, Tremeau, CellProThera, and Moderna. Dr. Vardeny receives funding from the NIH and the US Food and Drug Administration and personal fees from the American Heart Association. Dr. Yancy reports that his spouse is employed by Abbott Labs. Dr. Fonarow receives research funding from the NIH and serves as a consultant for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Edwards, Medtronic, Merck, and Novartis. All other coauthors report no disclosures relevant to this work. Funding Information: The Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) program is provided by the American Heart Association and sponsored, in part, by Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Diabetes Alliance, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Bayer. This analysis, as a part of the TRANSLATE-HF research series, was supported by AstraZeneca. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "28",

pages = "554--563",

journal = "Journal of cardiac failure",

issn = "1071-9164",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

number = "4",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure

AU - Vaduganathan, Muthiah

AU - Greene, Stephen J.

AU - Zhang, Shuaiqi

AU - Solomon, Nicole

AU - Chiswell, Karen

AU - Devore, Adam D.

AU - Butler, javed

AU - Heidenreich, Paul A.

AU - Huang, Joanna C.

AU - Kittleson, Michelle M.

AU - Joynt Maddox, Karen E.

AU - Mcdermott, James J.

AU - Owens, Anjali Tiku

AU - Peterson, Pamela N.

AU - Solomon, Scott D.

AU - Vardeny, Orly

AU - Yancy, Clyde W.

AU - Fonarow, Gregg C.

N1 - Funding Information: Dr. Vaduganathan has received research grant support or served on advisory boards for American Regent, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Baxter Healthcare, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cytokinetics, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Relypsa, and Roche Diagnostics, has had speaker engagements with Novartis and Roche Diagnostics, and participates on clinical endpoint committees for studies sponsored by Galmed and Novartis. Dr. Greene has received research support from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cytokinetics, Merck, Novartis, and Pfizer; has served on advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, and Cytokinetics; and serves as a consultant for Amgen, Bayer, Merck, and Vifor. Dr. DeVore has received research funding through the Duke Clinical Research Institute from the American Heart Association, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Intra-Cellular Therapies, American Regent, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Novartis, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; serves as a consultant for AstraZeneca; receives nonfinancial support from Amgen, Bayer, CareDx, InnaMed, LivaNova, Mardil Medical, Novartis, Procyrion, scPharmaceuticals, Story Health, and Zoll; and receives nonfinancial support from Abbott for educational activities outside the submitted work. Dr. Butler serves as a consultant for Abbott, Adrenomed, Amgen, Array, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squib, CVRx, G3 Pharmaceutical, Impulse Dynamics, Innolife, Janssen, LivaNova, Luitpold, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Relypsa, Roche, V-Wave Limited, and Vifor. Drs. Huang and McDermott are employees of AstraZeneca. Dr. Joynt Maddox receives grants from NIH/NHLBI, NIH/National Institute on Aging, and Commonwealth Fund; previously performed US Department of Health and Human Services contract work outside of the submitted work, and serves on the Health Policy Advisory Committee for the Centene Corp (St. Louis, MO). Dr. Owens serves as a consultant for MyoKardia and Cytokinetics outside of the submitted work. Dr. Peterson receives grant funding from the NHLBI (grant R33HL143324-02) and personal fees from American Heart Association outside of the submitted work. Dr. Scott D. Solomon receives research grants from Alnylam, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bellerophon, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celladon, Cytokinetics, Eidos, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ionis, Lone Star Heart, Mesoblast, MyoKardia, NIH/NHLBI, Neurotronik, Novartis, Respicardia, Sanofi Pasteur, and Theracos; and serving as a consultant for Akros, Alnylam, Amgen, Arena, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cardior, Cardurion, Corvia, Cytokinetics, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, GlaxoSmithKline, Ironwood, Merck, MyoKardia, Novartis, Roche, Takeda, Theracos, Quantum Genetics, Cardurion, AoBiome, Janssen, Cardiac Dimensions, Tenaya, Sanofi-Pasteur, Dinaqor, Tremeau, CellProThera, and Moderna. Dr. Vardeny receives funding from the NIH and the US Food and Drug Administration and personal fees from the American Heart Association. Dr. Yancy reports that his spouse is employed by Abbott Labs. Dr. Fonarow receives research funding from the NIH and serves as a consultant for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Cytokinetics, Edwards, Medtronic, Merck, and Novartis. All other coauthors report no disclosures relevant to this work. Funding Information: The Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) program is provided by the American Heart Association and sponsored, in part, by Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly Diabetes Alliance, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, AstraZeneca, and Bayer. This analysis, as a part of the TRANSLATE-HF research series, was supported by AstraZeneca. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Inc.

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors form the latest pillar in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and appear to be effective across a range of patient profiles. There is increasing interest in initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors during hospitalization, yet little is known about the putative benefits of this implementation strategy. Methods: We evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF (≤ 40%) hospitalized at 228 sites in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry in 2016 who had linked claims data for ≥ 1 year postdischarge. We identified those eligible for dapagliflozin under the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration label (excluding estimated glomerular filtration rates < 25 mL/min per 1.73 m2, dialysis and type 1 diabetes). We evaluated 1-year outcomes overall and among key subgroups (age ≥ 75 years, gender, race, hospital region, kidney function, diabetes status, triple therapy). We then projected the potential benefits of implementation of dapagliflozin based on the risk reductions observed in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Results: Among 7523 patients hospitalized for HFrEF, 6576 (87%) would be candidates for dapagliflozin (mean age 79 ± 8 years, 39% women, 11% Black). Among eligible candidates, discharge use of β-blockers, ACEi/ARB, MRA, ARNI, and triple therapy (ACEi/ARB/ARNI+β-blocker+MRA) was recorded in 88%, 64%, 29%, 3%, and 20%, respectively. Among treatment-eligible patients, the 1-year incidence (95% CI) of mortality was 37% (36-38%) and of HF readmission was 33% (32-34%), and each exceeded 25% across all key subgroups. Among 1333 beneficiaries eligible for dapagliflozin who were already on triple therapy, the 1-year incidence of mortality was 26% (24%–29%) and the 1-year readmission due to HF was 30% (27%–32%). Applying the relative risk reductions observed in DAPA-HF, absolute risk reductions with complete implementation of dapagliflozin among treatment-eligible Medicare beneficiaries are projected to be 5% (1%–9%) for mortality and 9% (5%–12%) for HF readmission by 1 year. The projected number of Medicare beneficiaries who would need to be treated for 1 year to prevent 1 death is 19 (11–114), and 12 (8–21) would need to be treated to prevent 1 readmission due to HF. Conclusions: Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF who are eligible for dapagliflozin after hospitalization due to HF, including those well-treated with other disease-modifying therapies, face high risks of mortality and HF readmission by 1 year. If the benefits of reductions in death and hospitalizations due to HF observed in clinical trials can be fully realized, the absolute benefits of implementation of SGLT-2 inhibitors among treatment-eligible candidates are anticipated to be substantial in this high-risk postdischarge setting.

AB - Background: The sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors form the latest pillar in the management of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and appear to be effective across a range of patient profiles. There is increasing interest in initiating SGLT-2 inhibitors during hospitalization, yet little is known about the putative benefits of this implementation strategy. Methods: We evaluated Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF (≤ 40%) hospitalized at 228 sites in the Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) registry in 2016 who had linked claims data for ≥ 1 year postdischarge. We identified those eligible for dapagliflozin under the latest U.S. Food and Drug Administration label (excluding estimated glomerular filtration rates < 25 mL/min per 1.73 m2, dialysis and type 1 diabetes). We evaluated 1-year outcomes overall and among key subgroups (age ≥ 75 years, gender, race, hospital region, kidney function, diabetes status, triple therapy). We then projected the potential benefits of implementation of dapagliflozin based on the risk reductions observed in the Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) trial. Results: Among 7523 patients hospitalized for HFrEF, 6576 (87%) would be candidates for dapagliflozin (mean age 79 ± 8 years, 39% women, 11% Black). Among eligible candidates, discharge use of β-blockers, ACEi/ARB, MRA, ARNI, and triple therapy (ACEi/ARB/ARNI+β-blocker+MRA) was recorded in 88%, 64%, 29%, 3%, and 20%, respectively. Among treatment-eligible patients, the 1-year incidence (95% CI) of mortality was 37% (36-38%) and of HF readmission was 33% (32-34%), and each exceeded 25% across all key subgroups. Among 1333 beneficiaries eligible for dapagliflozin who were already on triple therapy, the 1-year incidence of mortality was 26% (24%–29%) and the 1-year readmission due to HF was 30% (27%–32%). Applying the relative risk reductions observed in DAPA-HF, absolute risk reductions with complete implementation of dapagliflozin among treatment-eligible Medicare beneficiaries are projected to be 5% (1%–9%) for mortality and 9% (5%–12%) for HF readmission by 1 year. The projected number of Medicare beneficiaries who would need to be treated for 1 year to prevent 1 death is 19 (11–114), and 12 (8–21) would need to be treated to prevent 1 readmission due to HF. Conclusions: Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF who are eligible for dapagliflozin after hospitalization due to HF, including those well-treated with other disease-modifying therapies, face high risks of mortality and HF readmission by 1 year. If the benefits of reductions in death and hospitalizations due to HF observed in clinical trials can be fully realized, the absolute benefits of implementation of SGLT-2 inhibitors among treatment-eligible candidates are anticipated to be substantial in this high-risk postdischarge setting.

KW - Heart failure

KW - SGLT-2 inhibitors

KW - hospitalization

KW - modeling

KW - outcomes

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U2 - 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

DO - 10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.11.010

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VL - 28

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JO - Journal of cardiac failure

JF - Journal of cardiac failure

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Projected Clinical Benefits of Implementation of SGLT-2 Inhibitors Among Medicare Beneficiaries Hospitalized for Heart Failure

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