TY - JOUR
T1 - Reduced nicotine content cigarettes
T2 - Effects on toxicant exposure, dependence and cessation
AU - Hatsukami, Dorothy K.
AU - Kotlyar, Michael
AU - Hertsgaard, Louise A.
AU - Zhang, Yan
AU - Carmella, Steven G.
AU - Jensen, Joni A.
AU - Allen, Sharon S.
AU - Shields, Peter G.
AU - Murphy, Sharon E.
AU - Stepanov, Irina
AU - Hecht, Stephen S.
PY - 2010/2
Y1 - 2010/2
N2 - Aims To examine the effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, dependence and abstinence. Design Randomized, parallel arm, semi-blinded study. Setting University of Minnesota Tobacco Use Research Center. Interventions Six weeks of: (i) 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; (ii) 0.3 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; or (iii) 4 mg nicotine lozenge; 6 weeks of follow-up. Measurements Compensatory smoking behavior, biomarkers of exposure, tobacco dependence, tobacco withdrawal and abstinence rate. Findings Unlike the 0.3 mg cigarettes, 0.05 mg cigarettes were not associated with compensatory smoking behaviors. Furthermore, the 0.05 mg cigarettes and nicotine lozenge were associated with reduced carcinogen exposure, nicotine dependence and product withdrawal scores. The 0.05 mg cigarette was associated with greater relief of withdrawal from usual brand cigarettes than the nicotine lozenge. The 0.05 mg cigarette led to a significantly higher rate of cessation than the 0.3 mg cigarette and a similar rate as nicotine lozenge. Conclusion The 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes may be a tobacco product that can facilitate cessation; however, future research is clearly needed to support these preliminary findings.
AB - Aims To examine the effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, dependence and abstinence. Design Randomized, parallel arm, semi-blinded study. Setting University of Minnesota Tobacco Use Research Center. Interventions Six weeks of: (i) 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; (ii) 0.3 mg nicotine yield cigarettes; or (iii) 4 mg nicotine lozenge; 6 weeks of follow-up. Measurements Compensatory smoking behavior, biomarkers of exposure, tobacco dependence, tobacco withdrawal and abstinence rate. Findings Unlike the 0.3 mg cigarettes, 0.05 mg cigarettes were not associated with compensatory smoking behaviors. Furthermore, the 0.05 mg cigarettes and nicotine lozenge were associated with reduced carcinogen exposure, nicotine dependence and product withdrawal scores. The 0.05 mg cigarette was associated with greater relief of withdrawal from usual brand cigarettes than the nicotine lozenge. The 0.05 mg cigarette led to a significantly higher rate of cessation than the 0.3 mg cigarette and a similar rate as nicotine lozenge. Conclusion The 0.05 mg nicotine yield cigarettes may be a tobacco product that can facilitate cessation; however, future research is clearly needed to support these preliminary findings.
KW - Biomarkers of exposure
KW - Compensatory smoking
KW - Nicotine dependence
KW - Reduced nicotine cigarettes
KW - Tobacco cessation
KW - Tobacco withdrawal
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U2 - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02780.x
DO - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02780.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 20078491
AN - SCOPUS:74249109158
SN - 0965-2140
VL - 105
SP - 343
EP - 355
JO - Addiction
JF - Addiction
IS - 2
ER -