Abstract
Mechanical properties of a material, such as hardness and elastic modulus, depend on porosity exponentially. Thus, an accurate characterization of material mechanical properties requires correct porosity, which depends on the accuracy of measured true density. Helium pycnometry is the most common technique for determining true density of a powder material but it is not suitable for materials containing volatile components. For unstable hydrates, dehydration during measurement releases water and invalidates the ideal gas law used for calculating sample volume. Consequently, measured true density is over-estimated, which causes gross errors in mechanical properties extrapolated to zero porosity. This work shows that physical stability and the dehydration kinetics, determined by both water-bonding structures and bonding energy, directly affect the magnitude of error in measured true density.
Original language | English (US) |
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Article number | 118444 |
Journal | International journal of pharmaceutics |
Volume | 567 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 15 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:S-Y. Chang was partially supported by a David and Marilyn Grant Fellowship in Physical Pharmacy (2017-2018), Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota. We thank Shenye Hu for help with collecting part of the helium pycnometric data.
Funding Information:
S-Y. Chang was partially supported by a David and Marilyn Grant Fellowship in Physical Pharmacy (2017-2018), Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota . We thank Shenye Hu for help with collecting part of the helium pycnometric data.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Dehydration
- Energy framework
- Helium pycnometry
- Hydrate stability
- Porosity
- True density