Abstract
Some suggest race-specific cutpoints for kidney measures to define and stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), but evidence for race-specific clinical impact is limited. To address this issue, we compared hazard ratios of estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) and albuminuria across races using meta-regression in 1.1 million adults (75% Asians, 21% Whites, and 4% Blacks) from 45 cohorts. Results came mainly from 25 general population cohorts comprising 0.9 million individuals. The associations of lower eGFR and higher albuminuria with mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were largely similar across races. For example, in Asians, Whites, and Blacks, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for eGFR 45-59 versus 90-104 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 were 1.3 (1.2-1.3), 1.1 (1.0-1.2), and 1.3 (1.1-1.7) for all-cause mortality, 1.6 (1.5-1.7), 1.4 (1.2-1.7), and 1.4 (0.7-2.9) for cardiovascular mortality, and 27.6 (11.1-68.7), 11.2 (6.0-20.9), and 4.1 (2.2-7.5) for ESRD, respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios for urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30-299 mg/g or dipstick 1+ versus an albumin-to-creatinine ratio under 10 or dipstick negative were 1.6 (1.4-1.8), 1.7 (1.5-1.9), and 1.8 (1.7-2.1) for all-cause mortality, 1.7 (1.4-2.0), 1.8 (1.5-2.1), and 2.8 (2.2-3.6) for cardiovascular mortality, and 7.4 (2.0-27.6), 4.0 (2.8-5.9), and 5.6 (3.4-9.2) for ESRD, respectively. Thus, the relative mortality or ESRD risks of lower eGFR and higher albuminuria were largely similar among three major races, supporting similar clinical approach to CKD definition and staging, across races.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 819-827 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Kidney international |
| Volume | 86 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2014 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:The CKD-PC Data Coordinating Center is funded in part by a program grant from the US National Kidney Foundation (NKF funding sources include Abbott) and an investigator-initiated research grant from Amgen. A variety of sources have supported enrollment and data collection, including laboratory measurements and follow-up in the collaborating cohorts of the CKD-PC. These funding sources include government agencies such as national institutes of health and medical research councils, as well as foundations and industry sponsors listed in Supplementary Appendix 3 online. The funders had no role in the design, analysis, interpretation of this study, and did not contribute to the writing of this report and the decision to submit the article for publication. The sponsors had no role in the design and conduct of the study; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. A variation of this analysis was presented at the American Society of Nephrology Kidney Week 2012 (San Diego, CA, 3 November 2012).
Keywords
- chronic kidney disease
- end-stage renal disease
- epidemiology and outcomes
- ethnicity
- mortality risk
