Abstract
Background: Dairy consumption is related to chronic disease risk; however, the measurement of dairy consumption has largely relied upon self-report. Untargeted metabolomics allows for the identification of objective markers of dietary intake. Objectives: We aimed to identify associations between dietary dairy intake (total dairy, low-fat dairy, and high-fat dairy) and serum metabolites in 2 independent study populations of United States adults. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate cross-sectional associations between dietary intake of dairy and 360 serum metabolites analyzed in 2 subgroups of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC; n = 3776). Results from the 2 subgroups were meta-analyzed using fixed effects meta-analysis. Significant meta-analyzed associations in the ARIC study were then tested in the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; n = 785). Results: In the ARIC study and BHS, the mean age was 54 and 48 years, 61% and 29% were Black, and the mean dairy intake was 1.7 and 1.3 servings/day, respectively. Twenty-nine significant associations between dietary intake of dairy and serum metabolites were identified in the ARIC study (total dairy, n = 14; low-fat dairy, n = 10; high-fat dairy, n = 5). Three associations were also significant in BHS: myristate (14:0) was associated with high-fat dairy, and pantothenate was associated with total dairy and low-fat dairy, but 23 of the 27 associations significant in the ARIC study and tested in BHS were not associated with dairy in BHS. Conclusions: We identified metabolomic associations with dietary intake of dairy, including 3 associations found in 2 independent cohort studies. These results suggest that myristate (14:0) and pantothenate (vitamin B5) are candidate biomarkers of dairy consumption.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 2994-3002 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of Nutrition |
Volume | 153 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2023 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 American Society for Nutrition
Keywords
- dairy protein
- dietary protein
- high-fat dairy
- low-fat dairy
- metabolomics
- nutrition
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Meta-Analysis
- Journal Article
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural