Abstract
During the past decade, an abundance of new evidence highlighted the importance of inflammation in the development of chronic pathologies such as neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. However, most of the current therapies do not address the underlying problem and better therapies are urgently needed. A growing number of researchers have discovered various signaling pathways that are associated with the initiation and progression of inflammation. Among different pathways, we will focus on three classical inflammatory pathways: p38 MAPK, IL-6/JAK/STAT3 and PI3K; and a non-classical inflammatory pathway, the Hippo. Recently, the Hippo pathway has been linked to various inflammatory modulators such as FoxO1/3, TNFα, IL-6, COX2, HIF-1α, AP-1, JAK and STAT. In this review, the molecular mechanisms, associated pathologies and selected drugs (both preclinical and clinical) of these signaling pathways will be summarized. Finally, limitations and potential risks of anti-inflammatory drugs will also be discussed.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1449-1484 |
Number of pages | 36 |
Journal | Current pharmaceutical design |
Volume | 24 |
Issue number | 14 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2018 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Sandro Argüelles was supported by V Plan Propio US-Acceso USE-14793-G and Yiu To Yeung was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China 81650110531.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Bentham Science Publishers.
Keywords
- Anti-inflammatory drug
- Hippo pathway
- IL-6
- Inflammation
- JAK/STAT
- PI3K
- p38 MAPK