The application of bioassays in the resolution of environmental problems; past, present and future

Literature on bioassays for freshwater systems is classified into studies concerned with prediction and assessment and, within these categories, into studies concerned with single- and multi-species bioassays. Some bioassays have more severe problems than others, but a concern with all is that responses observed in particular systems may not be relevant in general. The possibility of developing a general theoretical infrastructure for bioassays that addresses this problem is considered. -from Authors