The contrasting reactivity of trans- vs. cis-azobenzenes (ArN 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 11111111 00000000 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 NAr) with benzynes

We report here a study that has revealed two distinct modes of reactivity of azobenzene derivatives (ArN NAr) with benzynes, depending on whether the aryne reacts with a trans- or a cis-azobenzene geometric isomer. Under thermal conditions, trans-azobenzenes engage benzyne via an initial [2 + 2] trapping event, a process analogous to known reactions of benzynes with diarylimines (ArC NAr). This is followed by an electrocyclic ring opening/closing sequence to furnish dihydrophenazine derivatives, subjects of contemporary interest in other fields (e.g., electronic and photonic materials). In contrast, when the benzyne is attacked by a cis-azobenzene, formation of aminocarbazole derivatives occurs via an alternative, net (3 + 2) pathway. We have explored these complementary orthogonal processes both experimentally and computationally.