Abstract
The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation. We also discuss their roles in important pathological states such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and infection. Various immunotherapeutical approaches are emerging including antagonistic monoclonal antibodies and agonistic fusion proteins to inhibit or potentiate these molecules and pathways in cancers and autoimmune diseases.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 26-39 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Immunological Reviews |
Volume | 276 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 1 2017 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Keywords
- B7-H3
- B7x
- HHLA2
- TMIGD2
- immune checkpoint
- immunotherapy