Three groups of species in Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) inferred from the intact seed morphology

The intact seed surface morphology in 45 taxa of Petunia sensu Jussieu native to South America (Petunia sensu Wijsman plus Calibrachoa) was compared under scanning electron microscopy. The existence of three groups of species, differentiated in terms of seed morphology, was revealed as follows: (1) all species of Petunia sensu Wijsman, having coarse wavy middle lamellae and anticlinal walls; (2) Calibrachoa parviflora and C. pygmaea, having fine wavy middle lamellae embedded in straight anticlinal walls; and (3) the other species of Calibrachoa, having straight middle lamellae and anticlinal walls. Close relationships between seed morphology and the other characteristics observable in the groups of species are discussed.