Total dietary fat and fatty acid content modifies plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity indices, and urinary prostaglandin E in women

Susan K. Raatz; Lindsay R. Young; Matthew J. Picklo; Edward R. Sauter; Wenyi Qin; Mindy S Kurzer

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.006

Total dietary fat and fatty acid content modifies plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity indices, and urinary prostaglandin E in women

Susan K. Raatz, Lindsay R. Young, Matthew J. Picklo, Edward R. Sauter, Wenyi Qin, Mindy S Kurzer

Food Science and Nutrition

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Scopus citations

Abstract

Compared with diets high in fat, low-fat diets are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that a low-fat (LF) (20% fat) and an LF high-omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid diet (LFn3) (23% fat with 3% as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) would enhance n-3 composition of plasma phospholipid fatty acid and reduce urinary prostaglandin E ₂ (PGE ₂) relative to a high-fat diet (HF) (40% fat) and that these changes would be associated with alterations in δ5 desaturase (D5D) and δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity. Phospholipid fatty acids and urinary PGE ₂ were measured, and D5D and D6D activity indices calculated in a crossover trial in 17 postmenopausal women fed each of 3 test diets (HF, LF, and LFn3) for 8-week feeding periods. Desaturase activity indices were calculated as D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6, and D6D, 20:3n-6/18:2n-6. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, and total n-3 fatty acids increased, whereas linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased with consumption of LFn3. The LF resulted in enhanced arachidonic acid and DHA. High fat reduced D6D, whereas both HF and LF increased D5D. Urinary PGE ₂ was reduced in response to both the LF and LFn3 diets. Low-fat diets, with or without long-chain n-3 fatty acids, promote positive health effects due in part to favorable alteration of plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and modification in desaturase activity indices, suggesting that the type and amount of fat consumed are modifiable risk factors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1-7
Number of pages	7
Journal	Nutrition Research
Volume	32
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.006
State	Published - Jan 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank the study volunteers and the nursing and nutrition staff of the University of Minnesota GCRC. The authors thank Salmon of the Americas, Inc, for their kind donation of salmon fillets for the feeding trial; Douglas M. Bibus, Lipid Technologies, LLC, Austin, MN, for the phospholipid fatty acids analysis; and Will Thomas of the Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, for assistance with the statistical analysis. Funding for this work was provided by DOD (W81XWH-0448 and W81XWH-06-1-0778), NIH/NCRR MO1-RR00400, and ARS, USDA 5450-51000-049-00D, and 5450-51000-048-00D.

Keywords

Delta 5 desaturase
Delta 6 desaturase
Dietary fat
Omega-3 fatty acids
Phospholipid fatty acids
Prostaglandin E
Women

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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title = "Total dietary fat and fatty acid content modifies plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity indices, and urinary prostaglandin E in women",

abstract = "Compared with diets high in fat, low-fat diets are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that a low-fat (LF) (20% fat) and an LF high-omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid diet (LFn3) (23% fat with 3% as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) would enhance n-3 composition of plasma phospholipid fatty acid and reduce urinary prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) relative to a high-fat diet (HF) (40% fat) and that these changes would be associated with alterations in δ5 desaturase (D5D) and δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity. Phospholipid fatty acids and urinary PGE 2 were measured, and D5D and D6D activity indices calculated in a crossover trial in 17 postmenopausal women fed each of 3 test diets (HF, LF, and LFn3) for 8-week feeding periods. Desaturase activity indices were calculated as D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6, and D6D, 20:3n-6/18:2n-6. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, and total n-3 fatty acids increased, whereas linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased with consumption of LFn3. The LF resulted in enhanced arachidonic acid and DHA. High fat reduced D6D, whereas both HF and LF increased D5D. Urinary PGE 2 was reduced in response to both the LF and LFn3 diets. Low-fat diets, with or without long-chain n-3 fatty acids, promote positive health effects due in part to favorable alteration of plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and modification in desaturase activity indices, suggesting that the type and amount of fat consumed are modifiable risk factors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.",

keywords = "Delta 5 desaturase, Delta 6 desaturase, Dietary fat, Omega-3 fatty acids, Phospholipid fatty acids, Prostaglandin E, Women",

author = "Raatz, {Susan K.} and Young, {Lindsay R.} and Picklo, {Matthew J.} and Sauter, {Edward R.} and Wenyi Qin and Kurzer, {Mindy S}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank the study volunteers and the nursing and nutrition staff of the University of Minnesota GCRC. The authors thank Salmon of the Americas, Inc, for their kind donation of salmon fillets for the feeding trial; Douglas M. Bibus, Lipid Technologies, LLC, Austin, MN, for the phospholipid fatty acids analysis; and Will Thomas of the Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, for assistance with the statistical analysis. Funding for this work was provided by DOD (W81XWH-0448 and W81XWH-06-1-0778), NIH/NCRR MO1-RR00400, and ARS, USDA 5450-51000-049-00D, and 5450-51000-048-00D.",

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T1 - Total dietary fat and fatty acid content modifies plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity indices, and urinary prostaglandin E in women

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AU - Young, Lindsay R.

AU - Picklo, Matthew J.

AU - Sauter, Edward R.

AU - Qin, Wenyi

AU - Kurzer, Mindy S

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank the study volunteers and the nursing and nutrition staff of the University of Minnesota GCRC. The authors thank Salmon of the Americas, Inc, for their kind donation of salmon fillets for the feeding trial; Douglas M. Bibus, Lipid Technologies, LLC, Austin, MN, for the phospholipid fatty acids analysis; and Will Thomas of the Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, for assistance with the statistical analysis. Funding for this work was provided by DOD (W81XWH-0448 and W81XWH-06-1-0778), NIH/NCRR MO1-RR00400, and ARS, USDA 5450-51000-049-00D, and 5450-51000-048-00D.

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N2 - Compared with diets high in fat, low-fat diets are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that a low-fat (LF) (20% fat) and an LF high-omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid diet (LFn3) (23% fat with 3% as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) would enhance n-3 composition of plasma phospholipid fatty acid and reduce urinary prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) relative to a high-fat diet (HF) (40% fat) and that these changes would be associated with alterations in δ5 desaturase (D5D) and δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity. Phospholipid fatty acids and urinary PGE 2 were measured, and D5D and D6D activity indices calculated in a crossover trial in 17 postmenopausal women fed each of 3 test diets (HF, LF, and LFn3) for 8-week feeding periods. Desaturase activity indices were calculated as D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6, and D6D, 20:3n-6/18:2n-6. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, and total n-3 fatty acids increased, whereas linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased with consumption of LFn3. The LF resulted in enhanced arachidonic acid and DHA. High fat reduced D6D, whereas both HF and LF increased D5D. Urinary PGE 2 was reduced in response to both the LF and LFn3 diets. Low-fat diets, with or without long-chain n-3 fatty acids, promote positive health effects due in part to favorable alteration of plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and modification in desaturase activity indices, suggesting that the type and amount of fat consumed are modifiable risk factors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

AB - Compared with diets high in fat, low-fat diets are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that a low-fat (LF) (20% fat) and an LF high-omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid diet (LFn3) (23% fat with 3% as α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) would enhance n-3 composition of plasma phospholipid fatty acid and reduce urinary prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) relative to a high-fat diet (HF) (40% fat) and that these changes would be associated with alterations in δ5 desaturase (D5D) and δ6 desaturase (D6D) activity. Phospholipid fatty acids and urinary PGE 2 were measured, and D5D and D6D activity indices calculated in a crossover trial in 17 postmenopausal women fed each of 3 test diets (HF, LF, and LFn3) for 8-week feeding periods. Desaturase activity indices were calculated as D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6, and D6D, 20:3n-6/18:2n-6. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, and total n-3 fatty acids increased, whereas linoleic acid and arachidonic acid decreased with consumption of LFn3. The LF resulted in enhanced arachidonic acid and DHA. High fat reduced D6D, whereas both HF and LF increased D5D. Urinary PGE 2 was reduced in response to both the LF and LFn3 diets. Low-fat diets, with or without long-chain n-3 fatty acids, promote positive health effects due in part to favorable alteration of plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles and modification in desaturase activity indices, suggesting that the type and amount of fat consumed are modifiable risk factors for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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KW - Delta 6 desaturase

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KW - Omega-3 fatty acids

KW - Phospholipid fatty acids

KW - Prostaglandin E

KW - Women

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Total dietary fat and fatty acid content modifies plasma phospholipid fatty acids, desaturase activity indices, and urinary prostaglandin E in women

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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