Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice

Bre Anne MacKenzie; Ryan Wolff; Nick Lowe; Charles J. Billington; Ashley Peterson; Brian Schmidt; Daniel Graf; Mina Mina; Rajaram Gopalakrishnan; Anna Petryk

doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.12.041

Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice

Bre Anne MacKenzie, Ryan Wolff, Nick Lowe, Charles J. Billington, Ashley Peterson, Brian Schmidt, Daniel Graf, Mina Mina, Rajaram Gopalakrishnan, Anna Petryk

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29 Scopus citations

Abstract

The mandibular arch (BA1) is critical for craniofacial development. The distal region of BA1, which gives rise to most of the mandible, is dependent upon an optimal level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. BMP activity is modulated in the extracellular space by BMP-binding proteins such as Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1). Twsg1^-/- mice have a spectrum of craniofacial phenotypes, including mandibular defects that range from micrognathia to agnathia. At E9.5, the distal region of the mutant BA1 was prematurely and variably fused with loss of distal markers eHand and Msx1. Expression of proximal markers Fgf8 and Barx1 was expanded across the fused BA1. The expression of Bmp4 and Msx2 was preserved in the distal region, but shifted ventrally. While wild type embryos showed a gradient of BMP signaling with higher activity in the distal region of BA1, this gradient was disrupted and shifted ventrally in the mutants. Thus, loss of TWSG1 results in disruption of the BMP4 gradient at the level of signaling activity as well as mRNA expression. Altered distribution of BMP signaling leads to a shift in gene expression and increase in apoptosis. The extent of apoptosis may account for the variable degree of mandibular defects in Twsg1 mutants.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	13-23
Number of pages	11
Journal	Developmental Biology
Volume	328
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.12.041
State	Published - Apr 1 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors thank Dr. Michael O'Connor for critical review of the manuscript, Dr. Walter Sebald for helpful discussions, Dr. Wei Liu for the Barx1 probe, Dr. Eric Olson for the eHand probe, Dr. John Klingensmith for the Bmp4 and Nog probes, and Dr. Mark Ferguson for the Msx2 probe. The assistance with lab procedures of Janine Gessner and Michael Jarcho is most appreciated. This project was supported by a 3M Science and Technology Fellowship and Block grant from the University of Minnesota Graduate School to B.M., R01DE016601 to A.P., and the Academic Health Center seed grant to R.G., R.W. was supported by the Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program (MinnCResT) T32DE007288 and C.J.B. was supported by the Musculoskeletal Training Grant NIH-NIAMS, T32 AR050938.

Keywords

Agnathia
Apoptosis
BMP
Branchial arch
Micrognathia
Neural crest
Smad
Twisted gastrulation

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title = "Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice",

abstract = "The mandibular arch (BA1) is critical for craniofacial development. The distal region of BA1, which gives rise to most of the mandible, is dependent upon an optimal level of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. BMP activity is modulated in the extracellular space by BMP-binding proteins such as Twisted gastrulation (TWSG1). Twsg1-/- mice have a spectrum of craniofacial phenotypes, including mandibular defects that range from micrognathia to agnathia. At E9.5, the distal region of the mutant BA1 was prematurely and variably fused with loss of distal markers eHand and Msx1. Expression of proximal markers Fgf8 and Barx1 was expanded across the fused BA1. The expression of Bmp4 and Msx2 was preserved in the distal region, but shifted ventrally. While wild type embryos showed a gradient of BMP signaling with higher activity in the distal region of BA1, this gradient was disrupted and shifted ventrally in the mutants. Thus, loss of TWSG1 results in disruption of the BMP4 gradient at the level of signaling activity as well as mRNA expression. Altered distribution of BMP signaling leads to a shift in gene expression and increase in apoptosis. The extent of apoptosis may account for the variable degree of mandibular defects in Twsg1 mutants.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Dr. Michael O'Connor for critical review of the manuscript, Dr. Walter Sebald for helpful discussions, Dr. Wei Liu for the Barx1 probe, Dr. Eric Olson for the eHand probe, Dr. John Klingensmith for the Bmp4 and Nog probes, and Dr. Mark Ferguson for the Msx2 probe. The assistance with lab procedures of Janine Gessner and Michael Jarcho is most appreciated. This project was supported by a 3M Science and Technology Fellowship and Block grant from the University of Minnesota Graduate School to B.M., R01DE016601 to A.P., and the Academic Health Center seed grant to R.G., R.W. was supported by the Minnesota Craniofacial Research Training Program (MinnCResT) T32DE007288 and C.J.B. was supported by the Musculoskeletal Training Grant NIH-NIAMS, T32 AR050938.",

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AU - Mina, Mina

AU - Gopalakrishnan, Rajaram

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Twisted gastrulation limits apoptosis in the distal region of the mandibular arch in mice

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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