Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method

Weiqi Chen; Qisheng Ou; Cheng Chang; Chenxing Pei; Xin Liu; Matti Maricq; David Kittelson; David Y. H. Pui

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120310

Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method

Weiqi Chen, Qisheng Ou, Cheng Chang, Chenxing Pei, Xin Liu, Matti Maricq, David Kittelson, David Y. H. Pui

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The very high filtration efficiency of diesel particulate filters (DPF) derives from the soot cake that rapidly forms on the walls of honeycomb wall-flow substrates. However, one cannot count on this for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, because of their much lower soot rates and the soot oxidation due to their higher exhaust temperatures. Therefore, the present paper explores the use of artificial aerosols to synthesis nano-scale membranes that mimic the soot cake in DPFs. The paper has two major goals. The first is to introduce a new wafer-based approach for rapid screening and evaluation of new nanoscale membranes and show that this provides very good guidance for the performance of full-size gasoline particulate filters (GPF) by performing detailed experimental comparisons in aspects of filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and loading behavior. The second is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the nano-scale membranes to improve GPF performance and evaluate how choices of particle characteristics and aerosol flow rate influence the quality of the nano-scale membranes. Our experiments demonstrate that membranes produced 1) with particles of larger aggregate size or 2) under lower face velocity yield 25–36% and 13–34% better performance (particle number-based efficiency versus pressure drop tradeoff), respectively, under the range of tested conditions.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	120310
Journal	Separation and Purification Technology
Volume	284
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120310
State	Published - Feb 1 2022
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the support of members of the Center for Filtration Research: 3 M Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc. BASF Corporation, Boeing Company, China Yancheng Environmental Protection Science and Technology City, Cummins Filtration Inc. Donaldson Company, Inc. Entegris, Inc. Ford Motor Company, Guangxi Wat Yuan Filtration System Co. Ltd, LG Electronics Inc. MSP Corporation, Parker Hannifin, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Xinxiang Shengda Filtration Technology Co. Ltd. Shigematsu Works Co. Ltd. TSI Inc. W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. and the affiliate member National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility, the University of Minnesota, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org) via the MRSEC program. The authors acknowledge funding by Ford Motor Company through its University Research Program.

Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the support of members of the Center for Filtration Research: 3 M Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc., BASF Corporation, Boeing Company, China Yancheng Environmental Protection Science and Technology City, Cummins Filtration Inc., Donaldson Company, Inc., Entegris, Inc., Ford Motor Company, Guangxi Wat Yuan Filtration System Co., Ltd, LG Electronics Inc., MSP Corporation, Parker Hannifin, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Xinxiang Shengda Filtration Technology Co., Ltd., Shigematsu Works Co., Ltd., TSI Inc., W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., and the affiliate member National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility, the University of Minnesota, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org) via the MRSEC program. The authors acknowledge funding by Ford Motor Company through its University Research Program.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Gasoline particulate filter
Membrane coating
Nanofiltration
Soot
Wafer

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10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120310

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Cite this

Chen, W., Ou, Q., Chang, C., Pei, C., Liu, X., Maricq, M., Kittelson, D., & Y. H. Pui, D. (2022). Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method. Separation and Purification Technology, 284, Article 120310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120310

Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method. / Chen, Weiqi; Ou, Qisheng; Chang, Cheng et al.
In: Separation and Purification Technology, Vol. 284, 120310, 01.02.2022.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Chen, W, Ou, Q, Chang, C, Pei, C, Liu, X, Maricq, M, Kittelson, D & Y. H. Pui, D 2022, 'Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method', Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 284, 120310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120310

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abstract = "The very high filtration efficiency of diesel particulate filters (DPF) derives from the soot cake that rapidly forms on the walls of honeycomb wall-flow substrates. However, one cannot count on this for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, because of their much lower soot rates and the soot oxidation due to their higher exhaust temperatures. Therefore, the present paper explores the use of artificial aerosols to synthesis nano-scale membranes that mimic the soot cake in DPFs. The paper has two major goals. The first is to introduce a new wafer-based approach for rapid screening and evaluation of new nanoscale membranes and show that this provides very good guidance for the performance of full-size gasoline particulate filters (GPF) by performing detailed experimental comparisons in aspects of filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and loading behavior. The second is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the nano-scale membranes to improve GPF performance and evaluate how choices of particle characteristics and aerosol flow rate influence the quality of the nano-scale membranes. Our experiments demonstrate that membranes produced 1) with particles of larger aggregate size or 2) under lower face velocity yield 25–36% and 13–34% better performance (particle number-based efficiency versus pressure drop tradeoff), respectively, under the range of tested conditions.",

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note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the support of members of the Center for Filtration Research: 3 M Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc. BASF Corporation, Boeing Company, China Yancheng Environmental Protection Science and Technology City, Cummins Filtration Inc. Donaldson Company, Inc. Entegris, Inc. Ford Motor Company, Guangxi Wat Yuan Filtration System Co. Ltd, LG Electronics Inc. MSP Corporation, Parker Hannifin, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Xinxiang Shengda Filtration Technology Co. Ltd. Shigematsu Works Co. Ltd. TSI Inc. W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. and the affiliate member National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility, the University of Minnesota, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org) via the MRSEC program. The authors acknowledge funding by Ford Motor Company through its University Research Program. Funding Information: The authors would like to thank the support of members of the Center for Filtration Research: 3 M Corporation, Applied Materials, Inc., BASF Corporation, Boeing Company, China Yancheng Environmental Protection Science and Technology City, Cummins Filtration Inc., Donaldson Company, Inc., Entegris, Inc., Ford Motor Company, Guangxi Wat Yuan Filtration System Co., Ltd, LG Electronics Inc., MSP Corporation, Parker Hannifin, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Xinxiang Shengda Filtration Technology Co., Ltd., Shigematsu Works Co., Ltd., TSI Inc., W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., and the affiliate member National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility, the University of Minnesota, a member of the NSF-funded Materials Research Facilities Network (www.mrfn.org) via the MRSEC program. The authors acknowledge funding by Ford Motor Company through its University Research Program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

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N2 - The very high filtration efficiency of diesel particulate filters (DPF) derives from the soot cake that rapidly forms on the walls of honeycomb wall-flow substrates. However, one cannot count on this for gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, because of their much lower soot rates and the soot oxidation due to their higher exhaust temperatures. Therefore, the present paper explores the use of artificial aerosols to synthesis nano-scale membranes that mimic the soot cake in DPFs. The paper has two major goals. The first is to introduce a new wafer-based approach for rapid screening and evaluation of new nanoscale membranes and show that this provides very good guidance for the performance of full-size gasoline particulate filters (GPF) by performing detailed experimental comparisons in aspects of filtration efficiency, pressure drop, and loading behavior. The second is to demonstrate the feasibility of using the nano-scale membranes to improve GPF performance and evaluate how choices of particle characteristics and aerosol flow rate influence the quality of the nano-scale membranes. Our experiments demonstrate that membranes produced 1) with particles of larger aggregate size or 2) under lower face velocity yield 25–36% and 13–34% better performance (particle number-based efficiency versus pressure drop tradeoff), respectively, under the range of tested conditions.

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KW - Soot

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Using aerosols to create Nano-scaled membranes that improve gasoline particulate filter performance and the development of Wafer-based membrane coated filter analysis (WMCFA) method

Abstract

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Keywords

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