TY - JOUR
T1 - What proportion of declared QTL in plants are false?
AU - Bernardo, R.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - The false discovery rate (FDR) is the probability that a quantitative trait locus (QTL) is false, given that a QTL has been declared. A misconception in QTL mapping is that the FDR is equal to the comparison-wise significance level, αC. The objective of this simulation study was to determine the FDR in an F2 mapping population, given different numbers of QTL, population sizes, and trait heritabilities. Markers linked to QTL were detected by multiple regression of phenotype on marker genotype. Phenotypic selection and marker-based recurrent selection were compared. The FDR increased as αC increased. Notably, the FDR was often 10-30 times higher than the αC level used. Regardless of the number of QTL, heritability, or size of the genome, the FDR was ≤0.01 when αC was 0.0001. The FDR increased to 0.82 when αC was 0.05, heritability was low, and only one QTL controlled the trait. An αC of 0.05 led to a low FDR when many QTL (30 or 100) controlled the trait, but this lower FDR was accompanied by a diminished power to detect QTL. Larger mapping populations led to both lower a FDR and increased power. Relaxed significance levels of αC=0.1 or 0.2 led to the largest responses to marker-based recurrent selection, despite the high FDR. To prevent false QTL from confusing the literature and databases, a detected QTL should, in general, be reported as a QTL only if it was identified at a stringent significance level, e.g., αC≅0.0001.
AB - The false discovery rate (FDR) is the probability that a quantitative trait locus (QTL) is false, given that a QTL has been declared. A misconception in QTL mapping is that the FDR is equal to the comparison-wise significance level, αC. The objective of this simulation study was to determine the FDR in an F2 mapping population, given different numbers of QTL, population sizes, and trait heritabilities. Markers linked to QTL were detected by multiple regression of phenotype on marker genotype. Phenotypic selection and marker-based recurrent selection were compared. The FDR increased as αC increased. Notably, the FDR was often 10-30 times higher than the αC level used. Regardless of the number of QTL, heritability, or size of the genome, the FDR was ≤0.01 when αC was 0.0001. The FDR increased to 0.82 when αC was 0.05, heritability was low, and only one QTL controlled the trait. An αC of 0.05 led to a low FDR when many QTL (30 or 100) controlled the trait, but this lower FDR was accompanied by a diminished power to detect QTL. Larger mapping populations led to both lower a FDR and increased power. Relaxed significance levels of αC=0.1 or 0.2 led to the largest responses to marker-based recurrent selection, despite the high FDR. To prevent false QTL from confusing the literature and databases, a detected QTL should, in general, be reported as a QTL only if it was identified at a stringent significance level, e.g., αC≅0.0001.
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U2 - 10.1007/s00122-004-1639-3
DO - 10.1007/s00122-004-1639-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 15085262
AN - SCOPUS:4043057169
SN - 0040-5752
VL - 109
SP - 419
EP - 424
JO - Theoretical and Applied Genetics
JF - Theoretical and Applied Genetics
IS - 2
ER -